महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-47

तत एनं विचेष्टन्तमकामं भयपीडितम् ।
रथमारोपयामास पार्थः प्रहरतां वरः ॥४७॥

47. tata enaṁ viceṣṭantamakāmaṁ bhayapīḍitam ,
rathamāropayāmāsa pārthaḥ praharatāṁ varaḥ.

47. tataḥ enam viceṣṭantam akāmam bhayapīḍitam
ratham āropayāmāsa pārthaḥ praharatām varaḥ

47. Then, Arjuna (Pārtha), the foremost among warriors, mounted him – struggling, unwilling, and afflicted by fear – onto the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• एनम् (enam) - him, this (masculine accusative singular)

• विचेष्टन्तम् (viceṣṭantam) - struggling, wriggling, fidgeting

• अकामम् (akāmam) - unwilling, against one's will, reluctant

• भयपीडितम् (bhayapīḍitam) - afflicted by fear, distressed by fear

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आरोपयामास (āropayāmāsa) - caused to ascend, made to mount, placed on

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

• प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of warriors (of those who strike, of warriors, of assailants)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, the foremost (best, excellent, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him, this (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

Note: Refers to Uttara.

विचेष्टन्तम् (viceṣṭantam) - struggling, wriggling, fidgeting

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viceṣṭant

viceṣṭant - struggling, wriggling, fidgeting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'ceṣṭ' (to move, to endeavor) with upasarga 'vi' and present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'enam' (Uttara).

अकामम् (akāmam) - unwilling, against one's will, reluctant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akāma

akāma - unwilling, reluctant, without desire

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kāma' (desire, will).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+kāma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, will
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'enam' (Uttara).

भयपीडितम् (bhayapīḍitam) - afflicted by fear, distressed by fear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhayapīḍita

bhayapīḍita - afflicted by fear, distressed by fear

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (bhaya+pīḍita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, distress) with suffix 'kta'.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'enam' (Uttara).

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āropayāmāsa'.

आरोपयामास (āropayāmāsa) - caused to ascend, made to mount, placed on

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of āropayāmāsa

Perfect (Periphrastic), Causative

Periphrastic perfect of the causative of root 'ruh' (to ascend) with upasarga 'ā'. The causative stem is 'ropaya'. Formed with 'ām āsa'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Patronymic from Pṛthā (another name for Kuntī, Arjuna's mother).

Note: Subject of 'āropayāmāsa'.

प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of warriors (of those who strike, of warriors, of assailants)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praharat

praharat - striking, smiting; warrior, assailant

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'hṛ' (to take, carry) with upasarga 'pra' and present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, the foremost (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice; boon, gift; bridegroom

Note: Modifies 'pārthaḥ'.