महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-33

एकः पुत्रो विराटस्य शून्ये संनिहितः पुरे ।
स एष किल निर्यातो बालभावान्न पौरुषात् ॥३३॥

33. ekaḥ putro virāṭasya śūnye saṁnihitaḥ pure ,
sa eṣa kila niryāto bālabhāvānna pauruṣāt.

33. ekaḥ putraḥ virāṭasya śūnye saṃnihitaḥ pure
sa eṣa kila niryātaḥ bālabhāvāt na pauruṣāt

33. The single son of Virata, who remained in the empty city, has indeed come out, driven by childishness and not by true valor (pauruṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Uttara, son of King Virata (son)

• विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of King Virata (of Virata)

• शून्ये (śūnye) - in the empty, in the desolate

• संनिहितः (saṁnihitaḥ) - stationed, placed, present

• पुरे (pure) - in the city of Virata (Upaplavya) (in the city, in the town)

• स (sa) - that one (Virata's son) (that (he/it))

• एष (eṣa) - this one (Virata's son) (this (he/it))

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, they say, it is said

• निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - has departed for battle (gone forth, departed, come out)

• बालभावात् (bālabhāvāt) - due to his immature nature (from childishness, due to youthfulness)

• न (na) - not, no

• पौरुषात् (pauruṣāt) - not due to true valor (pauruṣa) (from manliness, from valor (pauruṣa), from human effort)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, singular

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Emphasizes 'the only son'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Uttara, son of King Virata (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject.

विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of King Virata (of Virata)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virata (proper name of a king)

Note: Possessive.

शून्ये (śūnye) - in the empty, in the desolate

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, desolate, vacant

Note: Refers to the city being empty of its main warriors.

संनिहितः (saṁnihitaḥ) - stationed, placed, present

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnihita

saṁnihita - placed, stationed, near, present

Past Passive Participle

From 'sam' + 'ni' + root 'dhā' (to place).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

पुरे (pure) - in the city of Virata (Upaplavya) (in the city, in the town)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, fortress, town

Note: Refers to the city of Virata (Upaplavya).

स (sa) - that one (Virata's son) (that (he/it))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to Virata's son.

एष (eṣa) - this one (Virata's son) (this (he/it))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Emphatic, referring to the same person.

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, they say, it is said

(indeclinable)

निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - has departed for battle (gone forth, departed, come out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niryāta

niryāta - gone forth, departed, issued, come out

Past Passive Participle

From 'nir' + root 'yā' (to go).

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sa eṣa'.

बालभावात् (bālabhāvāt) - due to his immature nature (from childishness, due to youthfulness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bālabhāva

bālabhāva - childishness, youthfulness, immature state

Compound 'bāla' (child) + 'bhāva' (state, nature).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāla+bhāva)

• bāla – child, young, immature
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāva – state, nature, condition, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes cause.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following word.

पौरुषात् (pauruṣāt) - not due to true valor (pauruṣa) (from manliness, from valor (pauruṣa), from human effort)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, strength, human effort, male sex

Derived from 'puruṣa' (man, person) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Denotes cause, contrasted with 'bālabhāvāt'.