महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-25

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा प्राद्रवद्भीतो रथात्प्रस्कन्द्य कुण्डली ।
त्यक्त्वा मानं स मन्दात्मा विसृज्य सशरं धनुः ॥२५॥

25. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktvā prādravadbhīto rathātpraskandya kuṇḍalī ,
tyaktvā mānaṁ sa mandātmā visṛjya saśaraṁ dhanuḥ.

25. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | iti uktvā
prādravat bhītaḥ rathāt praskandya
kuṇḍalī | tyaktvā mānam sa
mandaātmā visṛjya saśaram dhanuḥ

25. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'Having spoken thus, that fearful one, still wearing his earrings (kuṇḍalī), leaped down from the chariot and fled. That faint-hearted person (manda-ātman), abandoning his dignity, cast aside his bow with arrows.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he fled, he ran away

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, fearful

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having leaped down, having jumped

• कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings, one who has earrings

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• मानम् (mānam) - pride, honor, dignity

• स (sa) - he, that

• मन्दआत्मा (mandaātmā) - dull-minded, faint-hearted, foolish

• विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having cast aside, having thrown down

• सशरम् (saśaram) - with arrows, furnished with arrows

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

third person singular, perfect active, from √vac (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates that what precedes is a quotation or summary.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

absolutive from √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Connects a prior action to the main verb.

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - he fled, he ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pradru

Imperfect Tense

third person singular, imperfect active

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, fearful

Past Passive Participle

from root √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (Uttara).

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

प्रस्कन्द्य (praskandya) - having leaped down, having jumped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

absolutive from pra-√skand (to leap, to jump)

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: Action prior to fleeing.

कुण्डली (kuṇḍalī) - wearing earrings, one who has earrings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuṇḍalin

kuṇḍalin - having earrings, wearing earrings, a wearer of earrings

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he' (Uttara).

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

absolutive from √tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Action prior to the main verb.

मानम् (mānam) - pride, honor, dignity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māna

māna - pride, honor, dignity, self-respect, high opinion

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Uttara.

मन्दआत्मा (mandaātmā) - dull-minded, faint-hearted, foolish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandaātman

mandaātman - faint-hearted, dull-minded, foolish, ignorant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+ātman)

• manda – slow, dull, faint, weak, low
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Uttara).

विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having cast aside, having thrown down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

absolutive from vi-√sṛj (to throw, to cast, to abandon)

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Action prior to the main verb.

सशरम् (saśaram) - with arrows, furnished with arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśara

saśara - with arrows, furnished with arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix meaning 'with'
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Object of 'visṛjya'.