महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स राजधान्या निर्याय वैराटिः पृथिवींजयः ।
प्रयाहीत्यब्रवीत्सूतं यत्र ते कुरवो गताः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa rājadhānyā niryāya vairāṭiḥ pṛthivīṁjayaḥ ,
prayāhītyabravītsūtaṁ yatra te kuravo gatāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca saḥ rājadhānyā niryāya vairāṭiḥ
pṛthivīṃjayaḥ prayāhi iti abravīt sūtam yatra te kuravaḥ gatāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The son of Virāṭa, Pṛthivīṃjaya, having exited the capital, told his charioteer, "Go where those Kurus have gone!"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• राजधान्या (rājadhānyā) - from the capital (from the capital, from the royal residence)

• निर्याय (niryāya) - having exited (having gone out, having departed)

• वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - the son of Virāṭa (Prince Uttara) (son of Virāṭa)

• पृथिवींजयः (pṛthivīṁjayaḥ) - Pṛthivīṃjaya (an epithet, implying 'conqueror of the earth') (conqueror of the earth)

• प्रयाहि (prayāhi) - Go! (go, proceed, depart)

• इति (iti) - (marks end of direct speech) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he said, spoke)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - to the charioteer (charioteer)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• ते (te) - those (those, they, your)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone (gone, departed, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa, and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active of root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'. Refers to Vairāṭi Pṛthivīṃjaya.

राजधान्या (rājadhānyā) - from the capital (from the capital, from the royal residence)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of rājadhānī

rājadhānī - capital city, royal residence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dhānī)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• dhānī – seat, abode, city
  noun (feminine)

निर्याय (niryāya) - having exited (having gone out, having departed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

वैराटिः (vairāṭiḥ) - the son of Virāṭa (Prince Uttara) (son of Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairāṭi

vairāṭi - son of Virāṭa, a prince of the Matsya kingdom

Derived from 'Virāṭa' (name of the king) with patronymic affix.

पृथिवींजयः (pṛthivīṁjayaḥ) - Pṛthivīṃjaya (an epithet, implying 'conqueror of the earth') (conqueror of the earth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīṃjaya

pṛthivīṁjaya - conqueror of the earth

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+jaya)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'vairāṭiḥ'.

प्रयाहि (prayāhi) - Go! (go, proceed, depart)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of prayā

Imperative Mood

Imperative mood 2nd person singular active of root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Direct speech.

इति (iti) - (marks end of direct speech) (thus, so, (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect tense 3rd person singular active of root 'brū' (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

सूतम् (sūtam) - to the charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (those, they, your)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative plural of 'tad'. Refers to the Kurus.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king), a descendant of Kuru

Note: Subject of 'gatāḥ'.

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone (gone, departed, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kuravaḥ'.