महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-28

विधूय वेणीं धावन्तमजानन्तोऽर्जुनं तदा ।
सैनिकाः प्राहसन्केचित्तथारूपमवेक्ष्य तम् ॥२८॥

28. vidhūya veṇīṁ dhāvantamajānanto'rjunaṁ tadā ,
sainikāḥ prāhasankecittathārūpamavekṣya tam.

28. vidhūya veṇīm dhāvantam ajānantaḥ arjunam tadā
sainikāḥ prāhasan kecit tathā-rūpam avekṣya tam

28. At that time, seeing him running and shaking his braid in that particular form, some soldiers laughed aloud, not knowing that it was Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• विधूय (vidhūya) - having shaken, having waved

• वेणीम् (veṇīm) - Bṛhannalā's (Arjuna's) braid (braid, plaited hair)

• धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - Arjuna (in disguise) running (running, fleeing)

• अजानन्त्ः (ajānantḥ) - the soldiers, not knowing (not knowing, ignorant)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

• प्राहसन् (prāhasan) - they laughed aloud, they burst into laughter

• केचित् (kecit) - some of the soldiers (some, certain ones)

• तथा-रूपम् (tathā-rūpam) - Arjuna's disguise as Bṛhannalā (in that form, in such a guise)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (in disguise) (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

विधूय (vidhūya) - having shaken, having waved

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of √dhū with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

वेणीम् (veṇīm) - Bṛhannalā's (Arjuna's) braid (braid, plaited hair)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of veṇī

veṇī - braid, plaited hair

धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - Arjuna (in disguise) running (running, fleeing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhāvat

dhāvat - running

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √dhāv

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अजानन्त्ः (ajānantḥ) - the soldiers, not knowing (not knowing, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajānat

ajānat - not knowing, ignorant

Present Active Participle

Negative Present Active Participle of √jñā, with prefix a(na)

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the soldiers (`sainikāḥ`).

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, silver

Note: Object of `ajānantḥ`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivation from tad

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, member of an army

Derived from senā (army)

Note: Subject of `prāhasan`.

प्राहसन् (prāhasan) - they laughed aloud, they burst into laughter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prahas

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person plural of √has with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

केचित् (kecit) - some of the soldiers (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, some, certain

Indefinite pronoun, formed from kim + cit.

Note: Modifies `sainikāḥ`.

तथा-रूपम् (tathā-rūpam) - Arjuna's disguise as Bṛhannalā (in that form, in such a guise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tathārūpa

tathārūpa - such a form, such a guise

Compound, literally 'of such a form'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+rūpa)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `avekṣya`.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of √īkṣ with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (in disguise) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna in disguise.