महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-29

तं शीघ्रमभिधावन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य कुरवोऽब्रुवन् ।
क एष वेषप्रच्छन्नो भस्मनेव हुताशनः ॥२९॥

29. taṁ śīghramabhidhāvantaṁ saṁprekṣya kuravo'bruvan ,
ka eṣa veṣapracchanno bhasmaneva hutāśanaḥ.

29. tam śīghram abhidhāvantam samprekṣya kuravaḥ abruvan
kaḥ eṣa veṣa-pracchannaḥ bhasmanā iva hutāśanaḥ

29. Having observed him (Arjuna) running swiftly, the Kurus asked, "Who is this person hidden in disguise, like a fire concealed by ashes?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (in disguise) (him, that)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - swiftly, quickly

• अभिधावन्तम् (abhidhāvantam) - Arjuna (in disguise) running swiftly (running towards, pursuing)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen closely, having observed

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• एष (eṣa) - this, this one

• वेष-प्रच्छन्नः (veṣa-pracchannaḥ) - this person hidden in a specific disguise (hidden in disguise, disguised)

• भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ashes

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• हुताशनः (hutāśanaḥ) - fire (literally, 'eater of offerings')

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (in disguise) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - swiftly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `abhidhāvantam`.

अभिधावन्तम् (abhidhāvantam) - Arjuna (in disguise) running swiftly (running towards, pursuing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhidhāvat

abhidhāvat - running towards, pursuing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √dhāv with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen closely, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of √īkṣ with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (ancestor), descendants of Kuru

Plural refers to the Kauravas

Note: Subject of `abruvan`.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person plural of √bru

Root: bru (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

एष (eṣa) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

वेष-प्रच्छन्नः (veṣa-pracchannaḥ) - this person hidden in a specific disguise (hidden in disguise, disguised)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of veṣapracchanna

veṣapracchanna - hidden in disguise, disguised

Compound, literally 'concealed by guise'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veṣa+pracchanna)

• veṣa – dress, guise, disguise
  noun (masculine)
  From √viṣ
  Root: viṣ (class 6)
• pracchanna – concealed, hidden, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √chad with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: chad (class 6)

Note: Describes `eṣa`.

भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ashes

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhasman

bhasman - ashes, cinder

Root: bhas (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

हुताशनः (hutāśanaḥ) - fire (literally, 'eater of offerings')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hutāśana

hutāśana - fire, Agni

Compound, literally 'one who eats offerings'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (huta+aśana)

• huta – offered, sacrificed (P.P.P. of √hu)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √hu
  Root: hu (class 3)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (masculine)
  Noun derived from √aś
  Root: aś (class 9)