महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-27

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वा तु कौन्तेयः सोऽवप्लुत्य रथोत्तमात् ।
तमन्वधावद्धावन्तं राजपुत्रं धनंजयः ।
दीर्घां वेणीं विधुन्वानः साधु रक्ते च वाससी ॥२७॥

27. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktvā tu kaunteyaḥ so'vaplutya rathottamāt ,
tamanvadhāvaddhāvantaṁ rājaputraṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
dīrghāṁ veṇīṁ vidhunvānaḥ sādhu rakte ca vāsasī.

27. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam uktvā tu kaunteyaḥ
saḥ avaplutya ratha-uttamāt tam anvadhāvat
dhāvantam rāja-putram dhanañjayaḥ
dīrghām veṇīm vidhunvānaḥ sādhu rakte ca vāsasī

27. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having spoken thus, the son of Kunti (Arjuna) leapt down from the excellent chariot. Dhanañjaya then pursued the fleeing prince, shaking his long braid and his very red garments.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī) (son of Kunti, Arjuna)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down

• रथ-उत्तमात् (ratha-uttamāt) - from the excellent chariot, from the best chariot

• तम् (tam) - the prince (him, that)

• अन्वधावत् (anvadhāvat) - pursued, followed running

• धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - the fleeing prince (running, fleeing)

• राज-पुत्रम् (rāja-putram) - Prince Uttara (prince, son of a king)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, an epithet meaning 'conqueror of wealth' (Dhanañjaya, Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

• दीर्घाम् (dīrghām) - long

• वेणीम् (veṇīm) - Bṛhannalā's (Arjuna's) braid (braid, plaited hair)

• विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - shaking, waving

• साधु (sādhu) - very (modifying 'red') (well, properly, very)

• रक्ते (rakte) - very red (garments) (red, dyed red)

• च (ca) - and

• वाससी (vāsasī) - the two red garments (of Bṛhannalā/Arjuna) (two garments, clothes)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

Note: A particle used for emphasis or transition.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī) (son of Kunti, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Patronymic from Kuntī

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of √plu with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

रथ-उत्तमात् (ratha-uttamāt) - from the excellent chariot, from the best chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best chariot, excellent chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of ud

Note: The compound is rathottama.

तम् (tam) - the prince (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the prince (Uttara).

अन्वधावत् (anvadhāvat) - pursued, followed running

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √dhāv with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: dhāv (class 1)

धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - the fleeing prince (running, fleeing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhāvat

dhāvat - running

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √dhāv

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rāja-putram`.

राज-पुत्रम् (rāja-putram) - Prince Uttara (prince, son of a king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Prince Uttara.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna, an epithet meaning 'conqueror of wealth' (Dhanañjaya, Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Arjuna's epithet.

दीर्घाम् (dīrghām) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive

Note: Modifies `veṇīm`.

वेणीम् (veṇīm) - Bṛhannalā's (Arjuna's) braid (braid, plaited hair)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of veṇī

veṇī - braid, plaited hair

Note: Refers to Arjuna's disguise as Bṛhannalā.

विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - shaking, waving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvāna

dhū - to shake, to agitate

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of √dhū with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Modifies `dhanañjayaḥ`.

साधु (sādhu) - very (modifying 'red') (well, properly, very)

(indeclinable)

From √sādh

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Adverb modifying `rakte`.

रक्ते (rakte) - very red (garments) (red, dyed red)

(adjective)

neuter, dual of rakta

rakta - red, dyed, colored

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √rañj

Root: rañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वाससी (vāsasī) - the two red garments (of Bṛhannalā/Arjuna) (two garments, clothes)

(noun)

neuter, dual of vāsas

vāsas - garment, cloth

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Refers to the pair of garments.