महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-36, verse-3

ततस्तांश्चोदयामास सदश्वान्पाण्डुनन्दनः ।
ते हया नरसिंहेन चोदिता वातरंहसः ।
आलिखन्त इवाकाशमूहुः काञ्चनमालिनः ॥३॥

3. tatastāṁścodayāmāsa sadaśvānpāṇḍunandanaḥ ,
te hayā narasiṁhena coditā vātaraṁhasaḥ ,
ālikhanta ivākāśamūhuḥ kāñcanamālinaḥ.

3. tataḥ tān ca codayāmāsa sadaśvān
pāṇḍunandanaḥ te hayāḥ narasiṃhena
coditāḥ vātaraṃhasaḥ ālikhantaḥ
iva ākāśam ūhuḥ kāñcanamālinaḥ

3. Thereupon, the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) urged those excellent horses. Those steeds, driven by the lion among men (Arjuna) and swift as the wind, soared through the sky as if scraping it, adorned with golden harnesses.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• तान् (tān) - those (horses) (those)

• च (ca) - and

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged, he impelled, he caused to move

• सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - excellent horses, good horses

• पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu)

• ते (te) - those (horses) (those)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses, steeds

• नरसिंहेन (narasiṁhena) - by Arjuna, who is like a lion among men (by the lion among men, by a man-lion)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, driven

• वातरंहसः (vātaraṁhasaḥ) - swift as wind, wind-speed

• आलिखन्तः (ālikhantaḥ) - as if scraping or grazing (the sky) (scraping, touching, drawing (while moving))

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space, ether

• ऊहुः (ūhuḥ) - they carried, they moved, they bore

• काञ्चनमालिनः (kāñcanamālinaḥ) - with golden harnesses/trappings (adorned with golden garlands, wearing golden wreaths)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those (horses) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged, he impelled, he caused to move

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of codayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect (causative)

Periphrastic Perfect form of the causative stem 'codaya' (from root 'cud' + causative suffix '-ay'), using the auxiliary root 'as' in perfect form. The 'ām' is an augment.

Root: cud (class 10)

सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - excellent horses, good horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - excellent horse, good horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, real, true
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighter, gladdener
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

ते (te) - those (horses) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses, steeds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

नरसिंहेन (narasiṁhena) - by Arjuna, who is like a lion among men (by the lion among men, by a man-lion)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of narasiṃha

narasiṁha - man-lion; lion among men (an eminent man)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+siṃha)

• nara – man, male, human
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, driven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, driven, instigated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'cud' (to urge, impel).

Root: cud (class 10)

वातरंहसः (vātaraṁhasaḥ) - swift as wind, wind-speed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātaraṃhas

vātaraṁhas - having the speed of the wind, swift as wind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+raṃhas)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• raṃhas – speed, velocity, impetus
  noun (neuter)

आलिखन्तः (ālikhantaḥ) - as if scraping or grazing (the sky) (scraping, touching, drawing (while moving))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ālikhat

ālikhat - scraping, drawing, grazing, touching

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'likh' (to scratch, write, scrape) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: likh (class 6)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space, ether

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether, atmosphere

ऊहुः (ūhuḥ) - they carried, they moved, they bore

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vah

Root: vah (class 1)

काञ्चनमालिनः (kāñcanamālinaḥ) - with golden harnesses/trappings (adorned with golden garlands, wearing golden wreaths)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāñcanamālin

kāñcanamālin - wearing a golden garland/wreath, adorned with gold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāñcana+mālin)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold; gold
  adjective (neuter)
• mālin – having a garland/wreath, adorned with flowers
  adjective (masculine)