महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-38, verse-14

एवमुक्त्वा धर्मराजस्तमध्यापयत प्रभुः ।
दीक्षितं विधिना तेन यतवाक्कायमानसम् ।
अनुजज्ञे ततो वीरं भ्राता भ्रातरमग्रजः ॥१४॥

14. evamuktvā dharmarājastamadhyāpayata prabhuḥ ,
dīkṣitaṁ vidhinā tena yatavākkāyamānasam ,
anujajñe tato vīraṁ bhrātā bhrātaramagrajaḥ.

14. evam uktvā dharmarājaḥ tam adhyāpayat
prabhuḥ dīkṣitam vidhinā tena
yatavākkāyamānasam anujajñe tataḥ
vīram bhrātā bhrātaram agrajaḥ

14. Having spoken thus, the lord Dharma-rāja taught him (Arjuna), who had been initiated by that ritual and whose speech, body, and mind were controlled. Then, the elder brother (Yudhiṣṭhira) gave permission to his brother, the hero (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharma-rāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

• अध्यापयत् (adhyāpayat) - he taught

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord

• दीक्षितम् (dīkṣitam) - Arjuna, who had undertaken the vow of initiation (dīkṣā) (the initiated one)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by the rule, by the prescribed method

• तेन (tena) - by that

• यतवाक्कायमानसम् (yatavākkāyamānasam) - whose speech, body, and mind are controlled

• अनुजज्ञे (anujajñe) - he permitted

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• वीरम् (vīram) - Arjuna (the hero)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - the elder brother (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the brother)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - the younger brother (Arjuna) (the brother)

• अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the elder brother)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharma-rāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of (natural) law (dharma); an epithet of Yama; Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

अध्यापयत् (adhyāpayat) - he taught

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of adhi + i

Causative form

Causative verb (cause to study, teach) from root 'i' with prefix 'adhi'

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful

दीक्षितम् (dīkṣitam) - Arjuna, who had undertaken the vow of initiation (dīkṣā) (the initiated one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīkṣita

dīkṣita - initiated, consecrated, having undertaken a vow

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dīkṣ'

Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

विधिना (vidhinā) - by the rule, by the prescribed method

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, ritual prescription

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

यतवाक्कायमानसम् (yatavākkāyamānasam) - whose speech, body, and mind are controlled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatavākkāyamānasa

yatavākkāyamānasa - one whose speech, body, and mind are controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vāc+kāya+mānasa)

• yata – controlled, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yam'
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vāc – speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
• kāya – body
  noun (masculine)
• mānasa – mind, mental
  noun (neuter)

अनुजज्ञे (anujajñe) - he permitted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of anu + jñā

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

वीरम् (vīram) - Arjuna (the hero)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

भ्राता (bhrātā) - the elder brother (Yudhiṣṭhira) (the brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - the younger brother (Arjuna) (the brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अग्रजः (agrajaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the elder brother)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - elder brother, born first

Derived from 'agra' (first) and root 'jan' (to be born)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (agra+jan)

• agra – front, first
  noun (neuter)
• jan – to be born, to produce
  verb
  Root: jan (class 4)