महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-33, verse-3

कर्म खल्विह कर्तव्यं जातेनामित्रकर्शन ।
अकर्माणो हि जीवन्ति स्थावरा नेतरे जनाः ॥३॥

3. karma khalviha kartavyaṁ jātenāmitrakarśana ,
akarmāṇo hi jīvanti sthāvarā netare janāḥ.

3. karma khalu iha kartavyaṃ jātena amitrakarśana
akarmāṇaḥ hi jīvanti sthāvarā na itare janāḥ

3. O subduer of enemies, one who is born into this world must certainly perform action (karma). Indeed, only stationary beings live without action; other people do not.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्म (karma) - action, duty (action, deed, ritual, fate)

• खलु (khalu) - certainly (indeed, surely, certainly)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṁ) - must be performed (to be done, ought to be done, duty)

• जातेन (jātena) - by one who is born (into this world) (by one who is born, by the created)

• अमित्रकर्शन (amitrakarśana) - O subduer of enemies (an epithet for the listener) (O subduer of enemies)

• अकर्माणः (akarmāṇaḥ) - those who are without action (inactive, without action)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, because)

• जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live

• स्थावरा (sthāvarā) - stationary beings (immobile, stationary beings (like plants, mountains))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• इतरे (itare) - other (people) (others)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, creatures)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्म (karma) - action, duty (action, deed, ritual, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, ritual, duty, fate

Root: kṛ (class 8)

खलु (khalu) - certainly (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यं (kartavyaṁ) - must be performed (to be done, ought to be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with tavya pratyaya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'karma' (neuter, singular, nominative).

जातेन (jātena) - by one who is born (into this world) (by one who is born, by the created)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born) with kta pratyaya

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to any living being.

अमित्रकर्शन (amitrakarśana) - O subduer of enemies (an epithet for the listener) (O subduer of enemies)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amitrakarśana

amitrakarśana - subduing enemies, harassing foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+karśana)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  A-tatpuruṣa compound of 'na' + 'mitra'
• karśana – emaciating, tormenting, subduing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛś (to make thin, torment)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

अकर्माणः (akarmāṇaḥ) - those who are without action (inactive, without action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akarmaṇ

akarmaṇ - without action, inactive

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'na' + 'karmaṇ'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+karmaṇ)

• na – not, without
  indeclinable
• karmaṇ – action, deed, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to those who are inactive.

हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

स्थावरा (sthāvarā) - stationary beings (immobile, stationary beings (like plants, mountains))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāvara

sthāvara - immovable, stationary, fixed; a mountain, a tree

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to inanimate or non-moving entities.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following phrase.

इतरे (itare) - other (people) (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Refers to 'other people' (janāḥ).

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)