महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-33, verse-17

स्वभावतः प्रवृत्तोऽन्यः प्राप्नोत्यर्थानकारणात् ।
तत्स्वभावात्मकं विद्धि फलं पुरुषसत्तम ॥१७॥

17. svabhāvataḥ pravṛtto'nyaḥ prāpnotyarthānakāraṇāt ,
tatsvabhāvātmakaṁ viddhi phalaṁ puruṣasattama.

17. svabhāvataḥ pravṛttaḥ anyaḥ prāpnoti arthān akāraṇāt
tat svabhāvātmakam viddhi phalam puruṣasattama

17. O excellent person (puruṣasattama), know that another obtains things without an apparent cause, being impelled by their intrinsic nature (svabhāva); that result is to be understood as arising from one's intrinsic nature (svabhāva).

Words meanings summery:

• स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - by intrinsic nature, naturally, spontaneously

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - impelled, acting under an impulse (engaged, active, impelled, commenced)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another person (another, other, different person)

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, gets

• अर्थान् (arthān) - objects, purposes, things, wealth

• अकारणात् (akāraṇāt) - without cause, causelessly

• तत् (tat) - that

• स्वभावात्मकम् (svabhāvātmakam) - consisting of intrinsic nature, inherent to one's being

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

• पुरुषसत्तम (puruṣasattama) - Addressed to Arjuna (O best among men, O excellent person)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - by intrinsic nature, naturally, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'svabhāva' (intrinsic nature) with the suffix '-tas'.

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - impelled, acting under an impulse (engaged, active, impelled, commenced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - engaged, active, set in motion, impelled, arisen

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vṛt' (to turn, to be) with prefix 'pra' (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another person (another, other, different person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Subject of 'prāpnoti'.

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - obtains, reaches, gets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

अर्थान् (arthān) - objects, purposes, things, wealth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, thing, wealth, advantage

Note: Object of 'prāpnoti'.

अकारणात् (akāraṇāt) - without cause, causelessly

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, causeless

Compound of negative prefix 'a-' and 'kāraṇa' (cause).

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Object of 'viddhi', referring to 'phalam'.

स्वभावात्मकम् (svabhāvātmakam) - consisting of intrinsic nature, inherent to one's being

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svabhāvātmaka

svabhāvātmaka - consisting of one's intrinsic nature, inherent in one's being

Compound of 'svabhāva' (intrinsic nature) and 'ātmaka' (consisting of, relating to the self (ātman)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svabhāva+ātmaka)

• svabhāva – intrinsic nature, inherent disposition, self-existence (svabhāva)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'bhāva' (being, state).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• ātmaka – consisting of, related to, having the nature of, inherent in the self (ātman)
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from 'ātman' (self).

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Irregular imperative form of root 'vid'.

Root: vid (class 2)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.

पुरुषसत्तम (puruṣasattama) - Addressed to Arjuna (O best among men, O excellent person)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+sattama)

• puruṣa – person, human being, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existing, true).