महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-33, verse-10

उत्सीदेरन्प्रजाः सर्वा न कुर्युः कर्म चेद्यदि ।
अपि चाप्यफलं कर्म पश्यामः कुर्वतो जनान् ।
नान्यथा ह्यभिजानन्ति वृत्तिं लोके कथंचन ॥१०॥

10. utsīderanprajāḥ sarvā na kuryuḥ karma cedyadi ,
api cāpyaphalaṁ karma paśyāmaḥ kurvato janān ,
nānyathā hyabhijānanti vṛttiṁ loke kathaṁcana.

10. utsīderan prajāḥ sarvāḥ na kuryuḥ
karma cet yadi api ca api aphalam karma
paśyāmaḥ kurvataḥ janān na anyathā
hi abhijānanti vṛttim loke kathaṃcana

10. All beings would certainly perish if they did not perform actions (karma). Moreover, we observe people undertaking actions (karma) even when they are fruitless, for they do not know any other means of livelihood in this world at all.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सीदेरन् (utsīderan) - they would perish, they would decline, they would cease to exist

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, people, progeny

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• न (na) - not

• कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they would do, they should do

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma), work, duty

• चेत् (cet) - if

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अपि (api) - even, also

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अफलम् (aphalam) - fruitless, without result, ineffective

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma), work

• पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see, we observe, we behold

• कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of performing, performing (people)

• जनान् (janān) - people, men, persons

• न (na) - not

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in any other way, differently

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - they know, they understand, they recognize

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, way of life, conduct

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, by any means, at all

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सीदेरन् (utsīderan) - they would perish, they would decline, they would cease to exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of utsad

Optative form

Third person plural optative form of root 'sad' with prefix 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, people, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creatures, people, subjects

From root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra', forming a feminine noun.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they would do, they should do

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative form

Third person plural optative form of root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - action (karma), work, duty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, duty, fate

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अफलम् (aphalam) - fruitless, without result, ineffective

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aphala

aphala - fruitless, without result, ineffective, barren

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

कर्म (karma) - action (karma), work

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, duty, fate

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see, we observe, we behold

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present stem (paśya-)

First person plural present indicative form of root 'dṛś' (using 'paśya-' stem).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - of performing, performing (people)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, making, active

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'janān'.

जनान् (janān) - people, men, persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, people, creature

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in any other way, differently

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

अभिजानन्ति (abhijānanti) - they know, they understand, they recognize

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of abhijñā

Third person plural present indicative form of root 'jñā' with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, way of life, conduct

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - course, conduct, mode of life, livelihood, existence, profession

From root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) + 'ti' suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, universe

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, by any means, at all

(indeclinable)

A compound of 'katham' (how) and 'cana' (an indefinite particle).