महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-38

सुप्तं चैनं यमः साक्षादुपागच्छत्सकिंकरः ।
स एनमनयद्बद्ध्वा दिशं पितृनिषेविताम् ॥३८॥

38. suptaṁ cainaṁ yamaḥ sākṣādupāgacchatsakiṁkaraḥ ,
sa enamanayadbaddhvā diśaṁ pitṛniṣevitām.

38. suptam ca enam yamaḥ sākṣāt upāgacchat sa kiṅkaraḥ
| sa enam anayat baddhvā diśam pitṛniṣevitām

38. And while he slept, Yama himself came with his attendants. He led him away, bound, to the region frequented by the ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• सुप्तम् (suptam) - sleeping, asleep

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एनम् (enam) - Referring to Satyavan. (him, this (one))

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the deity of death. (Yama (the god of death), controller)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, in person, visibly

• उपागच्छत् (upāgacchat) - he approached, went near

• स (sa) - Refers to Yama. (he, that)

• किङ्करः (kiṅkaraḥ) - Yama's attendants. (servant, attendant)

• स (sa) - Refers to Yama. (he, that)

• एनम् (enam) - Referring to Satyavan. (him, this (one))

• अनयत् (anayat) - he led, carried away

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, after binding

• दिशम् (diśam) - The region of Yama, i.e., the underworld or abode of ancestors. (direction, region, quarter)

• पितृनिषेविताम् (pitṛniṣevitām) - A region where deceased ancestors (pitṛs) dwell. (frequented by ancestors)

Words meanings and morphology

सुप्तम् (suptam) - sleeping, asleep

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping; hidden, latent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'svap' (to sleep) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (him), referring to Satyavan.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Referring to Satyavan. (him, this (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enam

enam - him, this (one)

Form of 'ena' (this, that, he, she, it)

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the deity of death. (Yama (the god of death), controller)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - a twin, pair; Yama (god of death); restraint, control

Root: yam (class 1)

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, in person, visibly

(indeclinable)

From 'sa-akṣa' (with eyes) + tasi suffix.

उपागच्छत् (upāgacchat) - he approached, went near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upagacch

Imperfect active 3rd singular

Root 'gam' (to go) + upasarga 'upa' + imperfect tense.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

स (sa) - Refers to Yama. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

किङ्करः (kiṅkaraḥ) - Yama's attendants. (servant, attendant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṅkara

kiṅkara - a servant, attendant, slave, menial

From 'kim' (what?) + 'kṛ' (to do), implying 'one who asks 'what shall I do?''.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स (sa) - Refers to Yama. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

एनम् (enam) - Referring to Satyavan. (him, this (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enam

enam - him, this (one)

Form of 'ena' (this, that, he, she, it)

अनयत् (anayat) - he led, carried away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anay

Imperfect active 3rd singular

Root 'nī' (to lead) with prefix 'a' (augment) + imperfect tense.

Root: nī (class 1)

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, after binding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'bandh' (to bind) + ktvā suffix.

Root: bandh (class 9)

दिशम् (diśam) - The region of Yama, i.e., the underworld or abode of ancestors. (direction, region, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region; instruction, order

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'anayat'.

पितृनिषेविताम् (pitṛniṣevitām) - A region where deceased ancestors (pitṛs) dwell. (frequented by ancestors)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pitṛniṣevita

pitṛniṣevita - frequented by ancestors

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed with 'pitṛ' and 'niṣevita'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+niṣevita)

• pitṛ – father; ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• niṣevita – frequented, attended, served, practiced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'sev' (to serve) + ni (upasarga) + kta (suffix for PPP).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sev (class 1)