महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-30

सत्यवानुवाच ।
पित्राहमभ्यनुज्ञातः सावित्रीसहितो गतः ।
अथ मेऽभूच्छिरोदुःखं वने काष्ठानि भिन्दतः ॥३०॥

30. satyavānuvāca ,
pitrāhamabhyanujñātaḥ sāvitrīsahito gataḥ ,
atha me'bhūcchiroduḥkhaṁ vane kāṣṭhāni bhindataḥ.

30. satyavān uvāca | pitrā aham abhyanujñātaḥ sāvitrī-sahitaḥ
gataḥ | atha me abhūt śiraḥ-duḥkham vane kāṣṭhāni bhindataḥ

30. Satyavān said: "My father permitted me, and I went with Sāvitrī. Then, while splitting wood in the forest, I experienced a headache."

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यवान् (satyavān) - Satyavan, the son of King Dyumatsena (Satyavan)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father, Dyumatsena (by the father)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

• सावित्री-सहितः (sāvitrī-sahitaḥ) - accompanied by his wife Savitri (accompanied by Savitri)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, next

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, occurred, happened

• शिरः-दुःखम् (śiraḥ-duḥkham) - headache, pain in the head

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• काष्ठानि (kāṣṭhāni) - pieces of wood, logs

• भिन्दतः (bhindataḥ) - of me, while I was splitting (of one splitting, while splitting)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यवान् (satyavān) - Satyavan, the son of King Dyumatsena (Satyavan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - possessing truth, truthful; a proper name

derived from satya (truth) + -vat (possessing)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father, Dyumatsena (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

Past Passive Participle

derived from root jñā with upasargas abhi and anu

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

सावित्री-सहितः (sāvitrī-sahitaḥ) - accompanied by his wife Savitri (accompanied by Savitri)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāvitrī-sahita

sāvitrī-sahita - accompanied by Savitri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāvitrī+sahita)

• sāvitrī – Savitri (a proper name)
  proper noun (feminine)
• sahita – accompanied, joined with, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root sah, often with implicit prefix sa- indicating 'with'
  Root: sah (class 1)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived at, come

Past Passive Participle

derived from root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, next

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, occurred, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

शिरः-दुःखम् (śiraḥ-duḥkham) - headache, pain in the head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiraḥ-duḥkha

śiraḥ-duḥkha - headache, pain in the head

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (śiras+duḥkha)

• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here in nominative case as the subject of 'abhūt'.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

काष्ठानि (kāṣṭhāni) - pieces of wood, logs

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kāṣṭha

kāṣṭha - piece of wood, stick, log

भिन्दतः (bhindataḥ) - of me, while I was splitting (of one splitting, while splitting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhindat

bhindat - splitting, breaking

Present Active Participle

derived from root bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'me' (my) in a genitive absolute sense, indicating simultaneous action.