महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-17

दाल्भ्य उवाच ।
यथा दृष्टिः प्रवृत्ता ते सावित्र्याश्च यथा व्रतम् ।
गताहारमकृत्वा च तथा जीवति सत्यवान् ॥१७॥

17. dālbhya uvāca ,
yathā dṛṣṭiḥ pravṛttā te sāvitryāśca yathā vratam ,
gatāhāramakṛtvā ca tathā jīvati satyavān.

17. dālbhyaḥ uvāca yathā dṛṣṭiḥ pravṛttā te sāvitryāḥ ca
yathā vratam gata-āhāram akṛtvā ca tathā jīvati satyavān

17. Dālbhya said, "As your (Sāvitrī's) sight is intent, and as your vow is steadfast, and as you have not taken food, so may Satyavān live."

Words meanings summery:

• दाल्भ्यः (dālbhyaḥ) - The proper name Dālbhya, a sage. (Dālbhya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the way that

• दृष्टिः (dṛṣṭiḥ) - sight, vision, gaze, understanding

• प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - directed, set, engaged, arisen

• ते (te) - your, to you

• सावित्र्याः (sāvitryāḥ) - of Sāvitrī

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the way that

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

• गत-आहारम् (gata-āhāram) - having gone without food, having abandoned food

• अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without having eaten (food) (without having done, without having made, without having eaten)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, remains alive

• सत्यवान् (satyavān) - The proper name of the character Satyavān. (Satyavān (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

दाल्भ्यः (dālbhyaḥ) - The proper name Dālbhya, a sage. (Dālbhya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dālbhya

dālbhya - Dālbhya, a descendant of Dalbha

Patronymic from Dalbha.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Form of vac in perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the way that

(indeclinable)

दृष्टिः (dṛṣṭiḥ) - sight, vision, gaze, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭi

dṛṣṭi - sight, vision, gaze, view

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - directed, set, engaged, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - directed, set, engaged, arisen, begun

Past Passive Participle

From pra-vṛt (to turn forward, to proceed).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal stem for 2nd person.

सावित्र्याः (sāvitryāḥ) - of Sāvitrī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Sāvitrī, name of a goddess or woman

Note: Can also be ablative singular. Here, genitive 'of Savitri's vow'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the way that

(indeclinable)

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied predicate is 'is steadfast' or 'is true'.

गत-आहारम् (gata-āhāram) - having gone without food, having abandoned food

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata-āhāra

gata-āhāra - food that has gone; abstention from food

Compound of gata (gone) + āhāra (food).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gata+āhāra)

• gata – gone, past, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āhāra – food, taking food, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-hṛ (to take, collect).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without having eaten (food) (without having done, without having made, without having eaten)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Negated gerund from a-kṛ (not to do) + -tvā (absolutive suffix).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛtvā)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṛtvā – having done, having made
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  From kṛ (to do, make) + -tvā (absolutive suffix).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, remains alive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Active

Form of jīv in present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: jīv (class 1)

सत्यवान् (satyavān) - The proper name of the character Satyavān. (Satyavān (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - truthful, possessing truth

Possessive suffix -vat from satya (truth).