महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-39

अस्तौषं तमहं देवं सत्येन वचसा विभुम् ।
पञ्च वै तेन मे दत्ता वराः शृणुत तान्मम ॥३९॥

39. astauṣaṁ tamahaṁ devaṁ satyena vacasā vibhum ,
pañca vai tena me dattā varāḥ śṛṇuta tānmama.

39. astauṣam tam aham devam satyena vacasā vibhum |
pañca vai tena me dattāḥ varāḥ śṛṇuta tān mama

39. I praised that mighty god (Yama) with truthful words. Indeed, five boons were granted to me by him. Listen now to those boons of mine.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्तौषम् (astauṣam) - Savitri praising Yama. (I praised)

• तम् (tam) - Referring to Yama. (that, him)

• अहम् (aham) - Savitri. (I)

• देवम् (devam) - Referring to Yama. (god, deity)

• सत्येन (satyena) - By truthful words. (by truth, with truth)

• वचसा (vacasā) - By truthful words, indicating the manner of praise. (by speech, by words)

• विभुम् (vibhum) - Referring to the mighty Yama. (mighty, omnipresent, lord)

• पञ्च (pañca) - Five boons. (five)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the boons. (indeed, verily, surely)

• तेन (tena) - By Yama. (by him, by that)

• मे (me) - Savitri. (to me, for me, my)

• दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - Boons that were given. (given, granted)

• वराः (varāḥ) - The five boons granted by Yama. (boons, blessings, choicest things)

• शृणुत (śṛṇuta) - Savitri asking others to listen to her boons. (listen (you all))

• तान् (tān) - Referring to the boons (varāḥ). (those (masculine))

• मम (mama) - My boons (Savitri's). (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्तौषम् (astauṣam) - Savitri praising Yama. (I praised)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of stau

Aorist active 1st singular

Root 'stu' (to praise) + luṅ (aorist) + mi (1st singular ending).

Root: stu (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Referring to Yama. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'astauṣam'.

अहम् (aham) - Savitri. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Nominative singular form of 'asmad'.

देवम् (devam) - Referring to Yama. (god, deity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity; celestial being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'astauṣam', in apposition with 'tam'.

सत्येन (satyena) - By truthful words. (by truth, with truth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

From 'sat' (being, existing) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

वचसा (vacasā) - By truthful words, indicating the manner of praise. (by speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice

Root 'vac' (to speak) + 'as' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Accompanied by 'satyena'.

विभुम् (vibhum) - Referring to the mighty Yama. (mighty, omnipresent, lord)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - omnipresent, all-pervading; mighty, powerful; lord, master

From 'vi' (prefix) + root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'devam' and 'tam'.

पञ्च (pañca) - Five boons. (five)

(indeclinable)

Cardinal numeral.

वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the boons. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

तेन (tena) - By Yama. (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter form of 'tad'.

Note: Agent in passive construction 'dattā varāḥ'.

मे (me) - Savitri. (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dative/Genitive singular enclitic form of 'asmad'.

Note: Here in dative sense 'to me'.

दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - Boons that were given. (given, granted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of datta

datta - given, granted, bestowed

Past Passive Participle

Root 'dā' (to give) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Root: dā (class 3)

वराः (varāḥ) - The five boons granted by Yama. (boons, blessings, choicest things)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vara

vara - a boon, wish, blessing; choice, excellent; a suitor

Root 'vṛ' (to choose) + a (suffix).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

शृणुत (śṛṇuta) - Savitri asking others to listen to her boons. (listen (you all))

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active 2nd plural

Root 'śru' (to hear) + loṭ (imperative) + ta (2nd plural ending).

Root: śru (class 5)

तान् (tān) - Referring to the boons (varāḥ). (those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative plural masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuta'.

मम (mama) - My boons (Savitri's). (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive singular form of 'asmad'.

Note: Possessive adjective for 'varāḥ' (implied by 'tān').