महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-29

संतापितः पिता माता वयं चैव नृपात्मज ।
नाकस्मादिति जानीमस्तत्सर्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥२९॥

29. saṁtāpitaḥ pitā mātā vayaṁ caiva nṛpātmaja ,
nākasmāditi jānīmastatsarvaṁ vaktumarhasi.

29. saṃtāpitaḥ pitā mātā vayam ca eva nṛpa ātmaja
na akasmāt iti jānīmaḥ tat sarvam vaktum arhasi

29. O son of the king (nṛpātmaja), your father, mother, and indeed we ourselves, were greatly distressed. We understand that this did not happen without a reason, so you ought to tell us everything.

Words meanings summery:

• संतापितः (saṁtāpitaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, tormented, heated)

• पिता (pitā) - King Dyumatsena (father)

• माता (mātā) - Queen Shaibya (mother)

• वयम् (vayam) - all the forest dwellers (including the questioners) (we)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• नृपात्मज (nṛpātmaja) - O Satyavan (O son of the king)

• न (na) - not, no

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without a cause / reason (without cause, suddenly, by chance)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, signifies quotation

• जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know

• तत् (tat) - that matter, that situation (that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it, the entire situation (all, everything)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to tell)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

Words meanings and morphology

संतापितः (saṁtāpitaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, tormented, heated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpita

saṁtāpita - heated, scorched, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From `sam-√tap` (to heat, torment) with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

पिता (pitā) - King Dyumatsena (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

माता (mātā) - Queen Shaibya (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

वयम् (vayam) - all the forest dwellers (including the questioners) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (1st person pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

नृपात्मज (nṛpātmaja) - O Satyavan (O son of the king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpātmaja

nṛpātmaja - son of a king, prince

Compound of `nṛpa` (king) + `ātmaja` (son, born of self).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+ātmaja)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
  Compound `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector, from `√pā`).
  Root: pā (class 2)
• ātmaja – born of oneself, son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Compound `ātman` (self) + `ja` (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without a cause / reason (without cause, suddenly, by chance)

(indeclinable)

`na-` (not) + `kasmāt` (why/from what cause).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kasmāt)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kasmāt – why, from what (cause)
  pronoun (neuter)
  Ablative singular of `kim`.

इति (iti) - thus, so, signifies quotation

(indeclinable)

जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root verb, 9th class.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Present tense, 1st person plural.

तत् (tat) - that matter, that situation (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it, the entire situation (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying `tat`.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to tell)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vac

Infinitive

Formed from `√vac` (to speak) with `tumun` suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root verb.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 2nd person singular.