महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-29

संतापितः पिता माता वयं चैव नृपात्मज ।
नाकस्मादिति जानीमस्तत्सर्वं वक्तुमर्हसि ॥२९॥

29. saṁtāpitaḥ pitā mātā vayaṁ caiva nṛpātmaja ,
nākasmāditi jānīmastatsarvaṁ vaktumarhasi.

29. saṃtāpitaḥ pitā mātā vayam ca eva nṛpa ātmaja
na akasmāt iti jānīmaḥ tat sarvam vaktum arhasi

29. O son of the king (nṛpātmaja), your father, mother, and indeed we ourselves, were greatly distressed. We understand that this did not happen without a reason, so you ought to tell us everything.

29. הו בן מלך, אביך, אמך ואנחנו כולנו נכנסנו לצער רב. אנו יודעים שזה לא קרה בלי סיבה, ועליך לספר לנו הכול.

Words meanings summery:

• संतापितः (saṁtāpitaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, tormented, heated)

• पिता (pitā) - King Dyumatsena (father)

• माता (mātā) - Queen Shaibya (mother)

• वयम् (vayam) - all the forest dwellers (including the questioners) (we)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• नृपात्मज (nṛpātmaja) - O Satyavan (O son of the king)

• न (na) - not, no

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without a cause / reason (without cause, suddenly, by chance)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, signifies quotation

• जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know

• तत् (tat) - that matter, that situation (that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it, the entire situation (all, everything)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to tell)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

Words meanings and morphology

संतापितः (saṁtāpitaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed, tormented, heated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpita

saṁtāpita - heated, scorched, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From `sam-√tap` (to heat, torment) with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

पिता (pitā) - King Dyumatsena (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

माता (mātā) - Queen Shaibya (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

वयम् (vayam) - all the forest dwellers (including the questioners) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (1st person pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

नृपात्मज (nṛpātmaja) - O Satyavan (O son of the king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpātmaja

nṛpātmaja - son of a king, prince

Compound of `nṛpa` (king) + `ātmaja` (son, born of self).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+ātmaja)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
  Compound `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector, from `√pā`).
  Root: pā (class 2)
• ātmaja – born of oneself, son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Compound `ātman` (self) + `ja` (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without a cause / reason (without cause, suddenly, by chance)

(indeclinable)

`na-` (not) + `kasmāt` (why/from what cause).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kasmāt)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kasmāt – why, from what (cause)
  pronoun (neuter)
  Ablative singular of `kim`.

इति (iti) - thus, so, signifies quotation

(indeclinable)

जानीमः (jānīmaḥ) - we know

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root verb, 9th class.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Present tense, 1st person plural.

तत् (tat) - that matter, that situation (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it, the entire situation (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying `tat`.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to explain (to speak, to tell)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vac

Infinitive

Formed from `√vac` (to speak) with `tumun` suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root verb.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Present tense, 2nd person singular.

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