महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-2

स सर्वानाश्रमान्गत्वा शैब्यया सह भार्यया ।
पुत्रहेतोः परामार्तिं जगाम मनुजर्षभ ॥२॥

2. sa sarvānāśramāngatvā śaibyayā saha bhāryayā ,
putrahetoḥ parāmārtiṁ jagāma manujarṣabha.

2. sa sarvān āśramān gatvā śaibyayā saha bhāryayā
putrahetoḥ parām ārtiṃ jagāma manujarṣabha

2. O best among men, he, accompanied by his wife Śaibyā, went to all the hermitages and experienced great distress for the sake of a son.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - King Dyumatsena (he, that (masculine))

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of the hermitages) (all, every)

• आश्रमान् (āśramān) - ascetic hermitages (āśrama) (hermitages, abodes)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• शैब्यया (śaibyayā) - by his wife, Śaibyā (by Śaibyā)

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• भार्यया (bhāryayā) - by his wife (by wife)

• पुत्रहेतोः (putrahetoḥ) - for the purpose of obtaining a son (for the sake of a son)

• पराम् (parām) - extreme, severe (great, supreme, ultimate)

• आर्तिं (ārtiṁ) - distress, suffering, pain

• जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced (distress) (he went, he attained, he experienced)

• मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - A respectful address to a king or noble, here to Yudhishthira (the narrator) (O best among men, O bull among men)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - King Dyumatsena (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of 'saḥ' before a consonant

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of the hermitages) (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

आश्रमान् (āśramān) - ascetic hermitages (āśrama) (hermitages, abodes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ascetic retreat, stage of life (āśrama)

Derived from root śram (to toil, exert oneself)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

शैब्यया (śaibyayā) - by his wife, Śaibyā (by Śaibyā)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śaibyā

śaibyā - (name of a queen)

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

भार्यया (bhāryayā) - by his wife (by wife)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, she who is to be supported

gerundive

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + -yā (feminine suffix)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

पुत्रहेतोः (putrahetoḥ) - for the purpose of obtaining a son (for the sake of a son)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putrahetu

putrahetu - reason/cause of a son, for the sake of a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+hetu)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Used in ablative or genitive to express 'for the sake of'

पराम् (parām) - extreme, severe (great, supreme, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, supreme, extreme

Note: Modifies ārtiṃ

आर्तिं (ārtiṁ) - distress, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - suffering, pain, distress

From root ṛ (to go) or ṛt (to pain)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced (distress) (he went, he attained, he experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect tense, formed irregularly

Root: gam (class 1)

मनुजर्षभ (manujarṣabha) - A respectful address to a king or noble, here to Yudhishthira (the narrator) (O best among men, O bull among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of manujarṣabha

manujarṣabha - bull/chief of men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuja+ṛṣabha)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Born from Manu
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent among
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 6)