महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-39

अस्तौषं तमहं देवं सत्येन वचसा विभुम् ।
पञ्च वै तेन मे दत्ता वराः शृणुत तान्मम ॥३९॥

39. astauṣaṁ tamahaṁ devaṁ satyena vacasā vibhum ,
pañca vai tena me dattā varāḥ śṛṇuta tānmama.

39. astauṣam tam aham devam satyena vacasā vibhum |
pañca vai tena me dattāḥ varāḥ śṛṇuta tān mama

39. I praised that mighty god (Yama) with truthful words. Indeed, five boons were granted to me by him. Listen now to those boons of mine.

39. שיבחתי את האל הזה, האדון, בדברי אמת, והוא העניק לי חמש משאלות. שמעו אותן ממני.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्तौषम् (astauṣam) - Savitri praising Yama. (I praised)

• तम् (tam) - Referring to Yama. (that, him)

• अहम् (aham) - Savitri. (I)

• देवम् (devam) - Referring to Yama. (god, deity)

• सत्येन (satyena) - By truthful words. (by truth, with truth)

• वचसा (vacasā) - By truthful words, indicating the manner of praise. (by speech, by words)

• विभुम् (vibhum) - Referring to the mighty Yama. (mighty, omnipresent, lord)

• पञ्च (pañca) - Five boons. (five)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the boons. (indeed, verily, surely)

• तेन (tena) - By Yama. (by him, by that)

• मे (me) - Savitri. (to me, for me, my)

• दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - Boons that were given. (given, granted)

• वराः (varāḥ) - The five boons granted by Yama. (boons, blessings, choicest things)

• शृणुत (śṛṇuta) - Savitri asking others to listen to her boons. (listen (you all))

• तान् (tān) - Referring to the boons (varāḥ). (those (masculine))

• मम (mama) - My boons (Savitri's). (my, of me)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्तौषम् (astauṣam) - Savitri praising Yama. (I praised)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of stau

Aorist active 1st singular

Root 'stu' (to praise) + luṅ (aorist) + mi (1st singular ending).

Root: stu (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Referring to Yama. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'astauṣam'.

अहम् (aham) - Savitri. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Nominative singular form of 'asmad'.

देवम् (devam) - Referring to Yama. (god, deity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity; celestial being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of 'astauṣam', in apposition with 'tam'.

सत्येन (satyena) - By truthful words. (by truth, with truth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

From 'sat' (being, existing) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

वचसा (vacasā) - By truthful words, indicating the manner of praise. (by speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - speech, word, voice

Root 'vac' (to speak) + 'as' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Accompanied by 'satyena'.

विभुम् (vibhum) - Referring to the mighty Yama. (mighty, omnipresent, lord)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - omnipresent, all-pervading; mighty, powerful; lord, master

From 'vi' (prefix) + root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'devam' and 'tam'.

पञ्च (pañca) - Five boons. (five)

(indeclinable)

Cardinal numeral.

वै (vai) - Emphasizing the certainty of the boons. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

तेन (tena) - By Yama. (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter form of 'tad'.

Note: Agent in passive construction 'dattā varāḥ'.

मे (me) - Savitri. (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dative/Genitive singular enclitic form of 'asmad'.

Note: Here in dative sense 'to me'.

दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - Boons that were given. (given, granted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of datta

datta - given, granted, bestowed

Past Passive Participle

Root 'dā' (to give) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Root: dā (class 3)

वराः (varāḥ) - The five boons granted by Yama. (boons, blessings, choicest things)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vara

vara - a boon, wish, blessing; choice, excellent; a suitor

Root 'vṛ' (to choose) + a (suffix).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

शृणुत (śṛṇuta) - Savitri asking others to listen to her boons. (listen (you all))

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active 2nd plural

Root 'śru' (to hear) + loṭ (imperative) + ta (2nd plural ending).

Root: śru (class 5)

तान् (tān) - Referring to the boons (varāḥ). (those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative plural masculine form of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuta'.

मम (mama) - My boons (Savitri's). (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive singular form of 'asmad'.

Note: Possessive adjective for 'varāḥ' (implied by 'tān').

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