महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-282, verse-43

ऋषय ऊचुः ।
निमज्जमानं व्यसनैरभिद्रुतं कुलं नरेन्द्रस्य तमोमये ह्रदे ।
त्वया सुशीले धृतधर्मपुण्यया समुद्धृतं साध्वि पुनः कुलीनया ॥४३॥

43. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ ,
nimajjamānaṁ vyasanairabhidrutaṁ; kulaṁ narendrasya tamomaye hrade ,
tvayā suśīle dhṛtadharmapuṇyayā; samuddhṛtaṁ sādhvi punaḥ kulīnayā.

43. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ nimajjamānam vyasanaiḥ
abhidrutam kulam narendrasya tamomaye
hrade tvayā suśīle dhṛtadharmapuṇyayā
samuddhṛtam sādhvi punaḥ kulīnayā

43. The sages said: 'O virtuous and noble lady, by you, who uphold righteousness (dharma) and possess great merit, the king's lineage, overwhelmed by calamities and sinking into a dark abyss, has been uplifted once again.'

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

• निमज्जमानम् (nimajjamānam) - sinking, immersing itself, being drowned

• व्यसनैः (vyasanaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by calamities, by addictions

• अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, assailed, oppressed, afflicted

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, noble lineage

• नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of the king

• तमोमये (tamomaye) - dark, full of darkness, consisting of darkness

• ह्रदे (hrade) - in a lake, in a pool, in an abyss

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• सुशीले (suśīle) - O virtuous one, O good-natured one

• धृतधर्मपुण्यया (dhṛtadharmapuṇyayā) - by one who upholds righteousness (dharma) and merit

• समुद्धृतम् (samuddhṛtam) - rescued, uplifted, pulled out

• साध्वि (sādhvi) - O chaste lady, O pious lady, O virtuous one

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

• कुलीनया (kulīnayā) - by the noble one, by the high-born lady

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person plural of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

निमज्जमानम् (nimajjamānam) - sinking, immersing itself, being drowned

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nimajjamāna

nimajjamāna - sinking, immersing, drowning

Present Middle Participle

From √majj (to sink) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with kulam.

व्यसनैः (vyasanaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by calamities, by addictions

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, addiction, vice

Prefixes: vi+as

Root: as (class 4)

अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, assailed, oppressed, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhidruta

abhidruta - attacked, assailed, oppressed, afflicted, run towards

Past Passive Participle

From √dru (to run) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kulam.

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, noble lineage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house, noble lineage

Note: Object of samuddhṛtam.

नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

तमोमये (tamomaye) - dark, full of darkness, consisting of darkness

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tamomaya

tamomaya - consisting of darkness, dark

From tamas (darkness) + -maya (consisting of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tamas+maya)

• tamas – darkness, ignorance (tamas)
  noun (neuter)
• maya – consisting of, made of
  suffix

Note: Agrees with hrade.

ह्रदे (hrade) - in a lake, in a pool, in an abyss

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pool, deep part of a river, abyss

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

सुशीले (suśīle) - O virtuous one, O good-natured one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of suśīlā

suśīla - virtuous, well-behaved, good-natured

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+śīla)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• śīla – conduct, character, nature, virtue
  noun (neuter)

Note: Vocative for addressing the lady.

धृतधर्मपुण्यया (dhṛtadharmapuṇyayā) - by one who upholds righteousness (dharma) and merit

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhṛtadharmapuṇyā

dhṛtadharmapuṇyā - one who upholds righteousness (dharma) and merit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+dharma+puṇya)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, upheld
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, sacred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with tvayā.

समुद्धृतम् (samuddhṛtam) - rescued, uplifted, pulled out

(adjective)

neuter, singular of samuddhṛta

samuddhṛta - rescued, uplifted, pulled out

Past Passive Participle

From √dhṛ (to hold) with upasargas sam- and ut-

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb predicate in a passive construction, agreeing with kulam.

साध्वि (sādhvi) - O chaste lady, O pious lady, O virtuous one

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of sādhvī

sādhvī - chaste woman, pious woman, virtuous woman

Note: Vocative for addressing the lady.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

कुलीनया (kulīnayā) - by the noble one, by the high-born lady

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kulīnā

kulīna - noble, high-born, of good family

From kula (family) + -īna (suffix indicating belonging to)

Note: Agrees with tvayā.