महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-40

शिरो गृहीत्वा विदुरो गतसत्त्व इवाभवत् ।
आस्ते ध्यायन्नधोवक्त्रो निःश्वसन्पन्नगो यथा ॥४०॥

40. śiro gṛhītvā viduro gatasattva ivābhavat ,
āste dhyāyannadhovaktro niḥśvasanpannago yathā.

40. śiraḥ gṛhītvā viduraḥ gatasattvaḥ iva abhavat
āste dhyāyan adhovaktraḥ niḥśvasan pannagaḥ yathā

40. Vidura, holding his head, became as if lifeless. He sat meditating with his face cast downwards, sighing like a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head, skull, top, peak

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having held

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - lifeless, without spirit, dejected

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, happened

• आस्ते (āste) - sits, stays, exists

• ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - meditating, pondering, reflecting

• अधोवक्त्रः (adhovaktraḥ) - with a downward face, face downcast

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing heavily

• पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

Words meanings and morphology

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head, skull, top, peak

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top, peak

Note: The form śiraḥ can be nominative or accusative singular; accusative fits 'holding his head'.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having held

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root grah with suffix -tvā

Root: grah (class 9)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a proper name)

गतसत्त्वः (gatasattvaḥ) - lifeless, without spirit, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatasattva

gatasattva - one whose spirit or life is gone, lifeless, disheartened

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+sattva)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• sattva – spirit, essence, life, being, reality, courage, strength
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Vidura.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

आस्ते (āste) - sits, stays, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: ās (class 2)

ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - meditating, pondering, reflecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, pondering, reflecting

Present Active Participle

from root dhyai, nominative singular masculine

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Modifies Vidura.

अधोवक्त्रः (adhovaktraḥ) - with a downward face, face downcast

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhovaktra

adhovaktra - one with a downward face, face downcast

Compound type : karmadharaya (adhas+vaktra)

• adhas – below, downwards
  indeclinable
• vaktra – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Vidura.

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing heavily

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing heavily

Present Active Participle

from root śvas with prefix nis, nominative singular masculine

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies Vidura.

पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake

from root pad with 'pan-' (meaning 'by means of feet')

Root: pad (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)