महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-14

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अयं धर्मान्सहदेवोऽनुशास्ति लोके ह्यस्मिन्पण्डिताख्यां गतश्च ।
अनर्हता राजपुत्रेण तेन त्वया दीव्याम्यप्रियवत्प्रियेण ॥१४॥

14. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ayaṁ dharmānsahadevo'nuśāsti; loke hyasminpaṇḍitākhyāṁ gataśca ,
anarhatā rājaputreṇa tena; tvayā dīvyāmyapriyavatpriyeṇa.

14. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | ayam dharmān
sahadevaḥ anuśāsti loke hi asmin paṇḍita
ākhyām gataḥ ca | anarhatā rājaputreṇa
tena tvayā dīvyāmi apriyavat priyeṇa

14. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'This Sahadeva teaches natural law (dharma) in this world, and he has indeed earned the title of 'wise man' (paṇḍita). I will gamble with you, staking that unworthy prince, who is dear to me but, in this situation, seems like an enemy.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - Referring to Sahadeva. (this)

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - moral/natural laws (natural laws, righteousness, duties)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

• अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - teaches (dharma) (teaches, instructs, rules)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - Referring to 'loke' (world). (in this)

• पण्डित (paṇḍita) - Refers to the epithet/title of Sahadeva. (learned, wise man, scholar)

• आख्याम् (ākhyām) - name, designation, declaration

• गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (the name) (gone, attained, reached)

• च (ca) - and

• अनर्हता (anarhatā) - by the unworthy one (referring to Sahadeva as a stake) (unworthy, undeserving)

• राजपुत्रेण (rājaputreṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is the stake. (by the prince, with the prince)

• तेन (tena) - Referring to Sahadeva (the stake). (by that, with that)

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Shakuni) (by you, with you)

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

• अप्रियवत् (apriyavat) - as if he were an enemy (referring to the painful act of gambling Sahadeva) (like an enemy, hateful)

• प्रियेण (priyeṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is dear to Yudhiṣṭhira. (by the dear one, with the dear one)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - Referring to Sahadeva. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

धर्मान् (dharmān) - moral/natural laws (natural laws, righteousness, duties)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, moral law

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas)

अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - teaches (dharma) (teaches, instructs, rules)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √śās

Present tense

Present active 3rd person singular of √śās with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - Referring to 'loke' (world). (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies 'loke'.

पण्डित (paṇḍita) - Refers to the epithet/title of Sahadeva. (learned, wise man, scholar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise man, scholar

Note: Part of a compound 'paṇḍitākhyā'.

आख्याम् (ākhyām) - name, designation, declaration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ākhyā

ākhyā - name, designation, declaration, story

Note: Forms a compound with 'paṇḍita' (paṇḍitākhyā, the designation of a paṇḍita).

गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (the name) (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनर्हता (anarhatā) - by the unworthy one (referring to Sahadeva as a stake) (unworthy, undeserving)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anarhat

anarhat - unworthy, undeserving, unfit

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'arhat'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arhat)

• an – not
  indeclinable
• arhat – deserving, worthy
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of √arh
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājaputreṇa'.

राजपुत्रेण (rājaputreṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is the stake. (by the prince, with the prince)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - son of a king, prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is the stake in the gambling.

तेन (tena) - Referring to Sahadeva (the stake). (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers back to Sahadeva.

त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Shakuni) (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Shakuni, the opponent in the game.

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of √div

Present tense

Present active 1st person singular of √div (divy class)

Root: div (class 4)

अप्रियवत् (apriyavat) - as if he were an enemy (referring to the painful act of gambling Sahadeva) (like an enemy, hateful)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'apriya' + 'vat' (suffix meaning 'like')

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the implicit state of Sahadeva from Yudhiṣṭhira's perspective.

प्रियेण (priyeṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is dear to Yudhiṣṭhira. (by the dear one, with the dear one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, agreeable, pleasing

Note: Modifies Sahadeva, hence instrumental singular.