महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-14

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अयं धर्मान्सहदेवोऽनुशास्ति लोके ह्यस्मिन्पण्डिताख्यां गतश्च ।
अनर्हता राजपुत्रेण तेन त्वया दीव्याम्यप्रियवत्प्रियेण ॥१४॥

14. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ayaṁ dharmānsahadevo'nuśāsti; loke hyasminpaṇḍitākhyāṁ gataśca ,
anarhatā rājaputreṇa tena; tvayā dīvyāmyapriyavatpriyeṇa.

14. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | ayam dharmān
sahadevaḥ anuśāsti loke hi asmin paṇḍita
ākhyām gataḥ ca | anarhatā rājaputreṇa
tena tvayā dīvyāmi apriyavat priyeṇa

14. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'This Sahadeva teaches natural law (dharma) in this world, and he has indeed earned the title of 'wise man' (paṇḍita). I will gamble with you, staking that unworthy prince, who is dear to me but, in this situation, seems like an enemy.'

14. יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה אמר, סַהַדֵוַה זה מורה את חוקי היושר, והוא זכה בעולם הזה לשם חכם. אף שאינו ראוי לכך כבן מלך, אני משחק בו נגדך כאילו אינו יקר לי, אף שהוא יקר לי.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - Referring to Sahadeva. (this)

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - moral/natural laws (natural laws, righteousness, duties)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

• अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - teaches (dharma) (teaches, instructs, rules)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - Referring to 'loke' (world). (in this)

• पण्डित (paṇḍita) - Refers to the epithet/title of Sahadeva. (learned, wise man, scholar)

• आख्याम् (ākhyām) - name, designation, declaration

• गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (the name) (gone, attained, reached)

• च (ca) - and

• अनर्हता (anarhatā) - by the unworthy one (referring to Sahadeva as a stake) (unworthy, undeserving)

• राजपुत्रेण (rājaputreṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is the stake. (by the prince, with the prince)

• तेन (tena) - Referring to Sahadeva (the stake). (by that, with that)

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Shakuni) (by you, with you)

• दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

• अप्रियवत् (apriyavat) - as if he were an enemy (referring to the painful act of gambling Sahadeva) (like an enemy, hateful)

• प्रियेण (priyeṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is dear to Yudhiṣṭhira. (by the dear one, with the dear one)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - Referring to Sahadeva. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

धर्मान् (dharmān) - moral/natural laws (natural laws, righteousness, duties)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, moral law

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas)

अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - teaches (dharma) (teaches, instructs, rules)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √śās

Present tense

Present active 3rd person singular of √śās with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - Referring to 'loke' (world). (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies 'loke'.

पण्डित (paṇḍita) - Refers to the epithet/title of Sahadeva. (learned, wise man, scholar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise man, scholar

Note: Part of a compound 'paṇḍitākhyā'.

आख्याम् (ākhyām) - name, designation, declaration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ākhyā

ākhyā - name, designation, declaration, story

Note: Forms a compound with 'paṇḍita' (paṇḍitākhyā, the designation of a paṇḍita).

गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (the name) (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अनर्हता (anarhatā) - by the unworthy one (referring to Sahadeva as a stake) (unworthy, undeserving)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anarhat

anarhat - unworthy, undeserving, unfit

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'arhat'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arhat)

• an – not
  indeclinable
• arhat – deserving, worthy
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of √arh
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājaputreṇa'.

राजपुत्रेण (rājaputreṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is the stake. (by the prince, with the prince)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - son of a king, prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is the stake in the gambling.

तेन (tena) - Referring to Sahadeva (the stake). (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers back to Sahadeva.

त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Shakuni) (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Shakuni, the opponent in the game.

दीव्यामि (dīvyāmi) - I gamble, I play

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of √div

Present tense

Present active 1st person singular of √div (divy class)

Root: div (class 4)

अप्रियवत् (apriyavat) - as if he were an enemy (referring to the painful act of gambling Sahadeva) (like an enemy, hateful)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'apriya' + 'vat' (suffix meaning 'like')

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the implicit state of Sahadeva from Yudhiṣṭhira's perspective.

प्रियेण (priyeṇa) - Referring to Sahadeva, who is dear to Yudhiṣṭhira. (by the dear one, with the dear one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, agreeable, pleasing

Note: Modifies Sahadeva, hence instrumental singular.

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