महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-35

चरमं संविशति या प्रथमं प्रतिबुध्यते ।
आ गोपालाविपालेभ्यः सर्वं वेद कृताकृतम् ॥३५॥

35. caramaṁ saṁviśati yā prathamaṁ pratibudhyate ,
ā gopālāvipālebhyaḥ sarvaṁ veda kṛtākṛtam.

35. caramam saṃviśati yā prathamam pratibudhyate
ā gopālāvipālebhyaḥ sarvam veda kṛtākṛtam

35. She is the one who retires last and wakes up first. She knows everything that has been done and what remains to be done, concerning all, from cowherds to shepherds.

Words meanings summery:

• चरमम् (caramam) - Refers to going to bed last. (last, finally)

• संविशति (saṁviśati) - Refers to retiring for sleep. (goes to bed, lies down, enters)

• या (yā) - Refers to the woman (Draupadī). (who, she who)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - Refers to waking up first. (first, initially)

• प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - Refers to waking from sleep. (wakes up, becomes aware)

• आ (ā) - Indicates a range, 'from... to...' including all in between. (up to, until, including, from)

• गोपालाविपालेभ्यः (gopālāvipālebhyaḥ) - Refers to all strata of people, from the lowest to the highest. (from cowherds and shepherds/goat-herds)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - All tasks and responsibilities related to the household and its affairs. (all, everything)

• वेद (veda) - The woman's comprehensive knowledge of household management and social interactions. (knows)

• कृताकृतम् (kṛtākṛtam) - All tasks, duties, and affairs, both completed and pending. (done and undone, what is to be done and what is not to be done)

Words meanings and morphology

चरमम् (caramam) - Refers to going to bed last. (last, finally)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carama

carama - last, ultimate, final, extreme

Note: Used adverbially to modify 'saṃviśati'.

संविशति (saṁviśati) - Refers to retiring for sleep. (goes to bed, lies down, enters)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃviś

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: sam

Root: viś (class 6)

या (yā) - Refers to the woman (Draupadī). (who, she who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - Refers to waking up first. (first, initially)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, primary

Note: Used adverbially to modify 'pratibudhyate'.

प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - Refers to waking from sleep. (wakes up, becomes aware)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratibudh

Present Middle

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Atmanepada

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 4)

आ (ā) - Indicates a range, 'from... to...' including all in between. (up to, until, including, from)

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing ablative

गोपालाविपालेभ्यः (gopālāvipālebhyaḥ) - Refers to all strata of people, from the lowest to the highest. (from cowherds and shepherds/goat-herds)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of gopālāvipāla

gopālāvipāla - cowherds and shepherds/goat-herds

Compound type : dvandva (gopāla+avipāla)

• gopāla – cowherd, protector of cows
  noun (masculine)
• avipāla – shepherd, goat-herd
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with 'ā' to denote 'from... to...' or 'including up to'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - All tasks and responsibilities related to the household and its affairs. (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'kṛtākṛtam'.

वेद (veda) - The woman's comprehensive knowledge of household management and social interactions. (knows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (irregular), 3rd person singular, used with a present sense.

Root: vid (class 2)

कृताकृतम् (kṛtākṛtam) - All tasks, duties, and affairs, both completed and pending. (done and undone, what is to be done and what is not to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtākṛta

kṛtākṛta - done and not done, performed and unperformed

Compound type : dvandva (kṛta+akṛta)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• akṛta – undone, not done, unmade
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a' + kṛta
  Prefix: a