महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-27

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अहं विशिष्टः सर्वेषां भ्रातॄणां दयितस्तथा ।
कुर्यामस्ते जिताः कर्म स्वयमात्मन्युपप्लवे ॥२७॥

27. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ahaṁ viśiṣṭaḥ sarveṣāṁ bhrātṝṇāṁ dayitastathā ,
kuryāmaste jitāḥ karma svayamātmanyupaplave.

27. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca aham viśiṣṭaḥ sarveṣām bhrātṝṇām dayitaḥ
tathā kuryāmaḥ te jitāḥ karma svayam ātmani upaplave

27. Yudhishthira said: "I am the most distinguished and beloved of all my brothers. Now, we, having been conquered, should perform actions for you and for ourselves during this calamity."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the speaker) (Yudhishthira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhishthira) (I)

• विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - distinguished, superior (distinguished, superior, special)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of (my) brothers (of brothers)

• दयितः (dayitaḥ) - dear, beloved (beloved, dear, liked)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, also, in like manner)

• कुर्यामः (kuryāmaḥ) - we should perform (we should do, we should make)

• ते (te) - for you (Shakuni/Duryodhana) (to you, your, for you)

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered (referring to Yudhishthira and his brothers) (conquered, defeated)

• कर्म (karma) - actions, duties (action, deed, work, duty)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - for ourselves (personally) (oneself, personally, spontaneously)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - for ourselves (in the self, in the soul, for oneself)

• उपप्लवे (upaplave) - in this calamity/misfortune (in calamity, in misfortune, in distress)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the speaker) (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root `vac` (class 2) in perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhishthira) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Nominative singular of `asmad` (first person pronoun).

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - distinguished, superior (distinguished, superior, special)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `vi-śiṣ` (root `śiṣ` with `vi` prefix).

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Genitive plural of `sarva`.

Note: Modifies `bhrātṝṇām`.

भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of (my) brothers (of brothers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Genitive plural of `bhrātṛ`.

Note: Contextually refers to the Pāṇḍava brothers.

दयितः (dayitaḥ) - dear, beloved (beloved, dear, liked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dayita

dayita - beloved, dear

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `day` (to love, be compassionate).

Root: day (class 1)

Note: Also modifies `aham`.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, also, in like manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner or conjunction.

कुर्यामः (kuryāmaḥ) - we should perform (we should do, we should make)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Optative Active

Root `kṛ` (class 8) in active voice, optative mood, 1st person plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is 'we' (Yudhishthira and his brothers).

ते (te) - for you (Shakuni/Duryodhana) (to you, your, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Dative/Genitive singular of `yuṣmad` (second person pronoun). Here indicating indirect object: 'for you'.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered (referring to Yudhishthira and his brothers) (conquered, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `ji` (to conquer, win) with suffix `kta`.

Root: ji (class 1)

कर्म (karma) - actions, duties (action, deed, work, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty (karma)

Action noun

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) with suffix `man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `kuryāmaḥ`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - for ourselves (personally) (oneself, personally, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

Reflexive pronoun used adverbially.

Note: Modifies `kuryāmaḥ`, indicating they do it themselves.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - for ourselves (in the self, in the soul, for oneself)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman)

Locative singular of `ātman`.

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Used reflexively, `svayam ātmani` together means 'personally, for oneself'.

उपप्लवे (upaplave) - in this calamity/misfortune (in calamity, in misfortune, in distress)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of upaplava

upaplava - calamity, misfortune, distress, trouble

Locative singular of `upaplava`.

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstances.