महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-25

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२५॥

25. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

25. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

25. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Shakuni, resorting to deceit, became resolute. 'It is won!'—thus he spoke to Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this (the previous statement by Yudhishthira) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined (resolute, determined)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit (deceit, fraud, trickery)

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

• जितम् (jitam) - It is won! (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the preceding direct speech) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (name of Duryodhana's maternal uncle))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of Vyasa's disciple and narrator of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root `vac` (class 2) in perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (the previous statement by Yudhishthira) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of `etad`.

Note: Refers to the previous words spoken by Yudhishthira.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root `śru` (class 5) with suffix `tvā`.

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined (resolute, determined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - resolved, determined, settled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `vyavasā` (vi + ava + sā, root `so` + `kta`).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `śakuniḥ`.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit (deceit, fraud, trickery)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, injury

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `samupāśritaḥ`.

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `samupāśri` (sam + upa + ā + śri).

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śakuniḥ`.

जितम् (jitam) - It is won! (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `ji` (to conquer, win) with suffix `kta`.

Root: ji (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (marking the preceding direct speech) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

Particle marking quotation or conclusion.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (name of Duryodhana's maternal uncle))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (name of Duryodhana's maternal uncle), bird

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject of the verb `abhāṣata`.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The object of the verb `abhāṣata`.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle

Root `bhāṣ` (class 1) in middle voice, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)