महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

21. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

21. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Hearing this, Śakuni, having resolved to commit fraud and resorting to deception, said to Yudhiṣṭhira, "It is won!"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this (statement of Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined (to cheat) (resolved, determined, settled)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, degradation

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to (deceit) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

• जितम् (jitam) - it is won (as a statement) (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (statement of Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

nominative/accusative singular of etad (neuter)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

absolutive of √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined (to cheat) (resolved, determined, settled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - resolved, determined, undertaken

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of √so with `vi` and `ava`

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Refers to Śakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, fraud, degradation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, injury

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of samupāśritaḥ.

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to (deceit) (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of √śri with `sam`, `upa`, and `ā`

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śakuni.

जितम् (jitam) - it is won (as a statement) (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of √ji

Root: ji (class 1)

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

particle

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

particle

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (proper noun), bird

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira

Note: Object of abhāṣata.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhāṣ

imperfect middle

3rd person singular imperfect middle of √bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)