महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-18

शकुनिरुवाच ।
गर्ते मत्तः प्रपतति प्रमत्तः स्थाणुमृच्छति ।
ज्येष्ठो राजन्वरिष्ठोऽसि नमस्ते भरतर्षभ ॥१८॥

18. śakuniruvāca ,
garte mattaḥ prapatati pramattaḥ sthāṇumṛcchati ,
jyeṣṭho rājanvariṣṭho'si namaste bharatarṣabha.

18. śakuniḥ uvāca garte mattaḥ prapatati pramattaḥ sthāṇum
ṛcchati jyeṣṭhaḥ rājan variṣṭhaḥ asi namaḥ te bharatarṣabha

18. Shakuni said: "An intoxicated person falls into a pit, and a careless person stumbles against a post. O King, you are the eldest and most excellent. Salutations to you, O Bull among the Bharatas."

Words meanings summery:

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (Shakuni)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गर्ते (garte) - into a pit (metaphorical for trouble) (in a pit, in a hole)

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - one who is intoxicated (by gambling) (intoxicated, mad, excited)

• प्रपतति (prapatati) - falls down, falls forward

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - one who is careless (careless, negligent, intoxicated)

• स्थाणुम् (sthāṇum) - a post, a pillar, a stump, a bolt

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - stumbles against (reaches, obtains, encounters, stumbles upon)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (son of Pandu) (eldest, foremost, best)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Yudhishthira (O King)

• वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - most excellent, best, most desirable

• असि (asi) - you are

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (to you) (salutation, reverence)

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Yudhishthira, best of Bharatas (O Bull among the Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (Shakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird, Shakuni (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Strong form (uvāca) of the root.

Root: vac (class 2)

गर्ते (garte) - into a pit (metaphorical for trouble) (in a pit, in a hole)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of garta

garta - pit, hole, ditch, abyss

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - one who is intoxicated (by gambling) (intoxicated, mad, excited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, mad, excited, careless

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mad (to be mad, intoxicated, rejoice) with suffix -ta.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used substantively as a noun, 'an intoxicated person'.

प्रपतति (prapatati) - falls down, falls forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

Root pat (1st class), present tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada, with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - one who is careless (careless, negligent, intoxicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, intoxicated, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mad (to be intoxicated, mad) with upasarga pra- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used substantively as a noun, 'a careless person'.

स्थाणुम् (sthāṇum) - a post, a pillar, a stump, a bolt

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthāṇu

sthāṇu - post, pillar, stump, bolt, immovable

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - stumbles against (reaches, obtains, encounters, stumbles upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛch

Present Active

Root ṛch (6th class), present tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Often listed as ṛ.

Root: ṛch (class 6)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (son of Pandu) (eldest, foremost, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, foremost, best, chief (superlative of vṛddha/jīva)

Superlative form, meaning 'oldest' or 'foremost'.

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Yudhishthira (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वरिष्ठः (variṣṭhaḥ) - most excellent, best, most desirable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - most excellent, best, principal, strongest (superlative of uru/vara)

Superlative form, meaning 'most excellent' or 'best'.

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root as (2nd class), present tense, 2nd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (to you) (salutation, reverence)

(indeclinable)

Note: The visarga 'ḥ' is the form without sandhi.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular of yuṣmad.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O Yudhishthira, best of Bharatas (O Bull among the Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull of Bharatas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (proper name), descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)