महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-19

स्वप्ने न तानि पश्यन्ति जाग्रतो वा युधिष्ठिर ।
कितवा यानि दीव्यन्तः प्रलपन्त्युत्कटा इव ॥१९॥

19. svapne na tāni paśyanti jāgrato vā yudhiṣṭhira ,
kitavā yāni dīvyantaḥ pralapantyutkaṭā iva.

19. svapne na tāni paśyanti jāgrataḥ vā yudhiṣṭhira
kitavā yāni dīvyantaḥ pralapanti utkaṭā iva

19. O Yudhishthira, they do not see those things in a dream, nor even while awake, which gamblers, while playing, rave about as if overwhelmed.

19. הו יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, את הדברים שהמהמרים מפטפטים בשעת ההימור, כמו משוגעים, הם אינם רואים לא בחלום ולא בהקיץ.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

• न (na) - not, no

• तानि (tāni) - those things (that gamblers rave about) (those, them)

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they perceive

• जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - in the state of wakefulness (of one who is awake, while awake)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (O Yudhishthira)

• कितवा (kitavā) - gamblers, cheaters

• यानि (yāni) - which things (which, what)

• दीव्यन्तः (dīvyantaḥ) - while gambling (gambling, playing)

• प्रलपन्ति (pralapanti) - they rave (in a delirious state) (they lament, they chatter, they rave)

• उत्कटा (utkaṭā) - extremely agitated/overwhelmed (by the gambling frenzy) (intense, overwhelmed, excessive, strong)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream

Root: svap (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तानि (tāni) - those things (that gamblers rave about) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Can be nominative or accusative plural neuter.

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

Root dṛś (1st class), present tense, 3rd person plural, parasmaipada. Stem changes to paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जाग्रतः (jāgrataḥ) - in the state of wakefulness (of one who is awake, while awake)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - awake, watchful

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jāgṛ (2nd class) with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'while awake'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (O Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhishthira (proper name)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

कितवा (kitavā) - gamblers, cheaters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kitava

kitava - gambler, cheat, rogue

यानि (yāni) - which things (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Can be nominative or accusative plural neuter.

दीव्यन्तः (dīvyantaḥ) - while gambling (gambling, playing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīvyat

dīvyat - playing, gambling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root div (4th class) with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kitavā' (gamblers).

प्रलपन्ति (pralapanti) - they rave (in a delirious state) (they lament, they chatter, they rave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pralap

Present Active

Root lap (1st class), present tense, 3rd person plural, parasmaipada, with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: lap (class 1)

उत्कटा (utkaṭā) - extremely agitated/overwhelmed (by the gambling frenzy) (intense, overwhelmed, excessive, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utkaṭa

utkaṭa - excessive, intense, violent, arrogant, overwhelmed

Compound of prefix ut- and adjective kaṭa.

Note: Agrees with 'kitavā' (gamblers).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

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