महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-29

शकुनिरुवाच ।
एतत्पापिष्ठमकरोर्यदात्मानं पराजितः ।
शिष्टे सति धने राजन्पाप आत्मपराजयः ॥२९॥

29. śakuniruvāca ,
etatpāpiṣṭhamakaroryadātmānaṁ parājitaḥ ,
śiṣṭe sati dhane rājanpāpa ātmaparājayaḥ.

29. śakuniḥ uvāca etat pāpiṣṭham akaroḥ yat ātmānam
parājitaḥ śiṣṭe sati dhane rājan pāpaḥ ātmaparājayaḥ

29. Śakuni said: "O King, you have committed this gravest sin (pāpiṣṭham) by losing yourself (ātman) even while wealth remained. Losing one's own self (ātman) is a great transgression."

Words meanings summery:

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for dice expertise (Śakuni)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this sin (this, this fact)

• पापिष्ठम् (pāpiṣṭham) - this gravest sin (which you committed) (the most sinful, gravest sin, most wicked)

• अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you committed (this sin) (you did, you made, you committed)

• यत् (yat) - in that (you defeated yourself) (that, in that, because)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self (ātman) (oneself, the self, soul, spirit)

• पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - (you) were defeated (i.e. lost yourself) (defeated, conquered, lost)

• शिष्टे (śiṣṭe) - while (wealth) remained (remaining, left over)

• सति (sati) - while (it was) existing/remaining (being, existing)

• धने (dhane) - while wealth (remained) (in wealth, regarding wealth)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O king)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - (it is) a sin (sin, evil, wicked)

• आत्मपराजयः (ātmaparājayaḥ) - the defeat of one's own self (ātman) (defeat of oneself, self-defeat)

Words meanings and morphology

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for dice expertise (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; name of a king, Duryodhana's maternal uncle

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active third person singular

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this sin (this, this fact)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Acts as object of akaroḥ, modified by pāpiṣṭham.

पापिष्ठम् (pāpiṣṭham) - this gravest sin (which you committed) (the most sinful, gravest sin, most wicked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpiṣṭha

pāpiṣṭha - most wicked, most sinful, worst of sinners

Superlative of pāpa (sin).

Note: Modifies etat.

अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you committed (this sin) (you did, you made, you committed)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

imperfect active second person singular

Imperfect tense, 2nd person singular, active voice of √kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - in that (you defeated yourself) (that, in that, because)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self (ātman) (oneself, the self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, breath

Note: Object of parājitaḥ.

पराजितः (parājitaḥ) - (you) were defeated (i.e. lost yourself) (defeated, conquered, lost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, overthrown, lost

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from √ji with prefix parā-.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject "you" (Yudhiṣṭhira).

शिष्टे (śiṣṭe) - while (wealth) remained (remaining, left over)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left, disciplined, taught

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from √śiṣ (to leave, remain).

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with dhane.

सति (sati) - while (it was) existing/remaining (being, existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, true

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with dhane.

धने (dhane) - while wealth (remained) (in wealth, regarding wealth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पापः (pāpaḥ) - (it is) a sin (sin, evil, wicked)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sin, demerit

Note: Predicate nominative for ātmaparājayaḥ.

आत्मपराजयः (ātmaparājayaḥ) - the defeat of one's own self (ātman) (defeat of oneself, self-defeat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaparājaya

ātmaparājaya - self-defeat, loss of oneself

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+parājaya)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• parājaya – defeat, loss, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  From parā-√ji.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb "is".