महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

4. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

4. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, Śakuni, resolved and resorting to trickery, addressed Yudhiṣṭhira, declaring, "It is won!"

4. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע זאת שַׁקוּנִי, נחוש בדעתו ונסמך על הערמה, אמר ליוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, ניצחתי.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined, resolved, undertaken

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, trickery, fraud

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

• जितम् (jitam) - won, conquered

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (Śakuni)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form of the root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined, resolved, undertaken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolved, undertaken, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root sā (to bind, to finish) with upasargas vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - deceit, trickery, fraud

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, injury, meanness

from ni + kṛ (to make, do)

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, sought refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root śri (to resort to, lean on) with upasargas sam, upa, and ā

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

जितम् (jitam) - won, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, defeated (an enemy)

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root ji

Root: ji (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni, the maternal uncle of Duryodhana (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; name of the maternal uncle of Duryodhana

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

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