महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-38

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्ते तु वचने धर्मराजेन भारत ।
धिग्धिगित्येव वृद्धानां सभ्यानां निःसृता गिरः ॥३८॥

38. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamukte tu vacane dharmarājena bhārata ,
dhigdhigityeva vṛddhānāṁ sabhyānāṁ niḥsṛtā giraḥ.

38. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca evam ukte tu vacane dharmarājena
bhārata dhik dhik iti eva vṛddhānām sabhyānām niḥsṛtāḥ giraḥ

38. Vaiśampāyana said: "Indeed, O descendant of Bharata, when these words were uttered by the King of natural law (dharma) (Yudhiṣṭhira), cries of 'Shame! Shame!' immediately issued forth from the elders and the assembly members."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, such (thus, so)

• उक्ते (ukte) - when spoken (having been spoken, when said)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet)

• वचने (vacane) - in the words (in the word, in the speech)

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by the King of natural law (dharma) (Yudhisthira) (by the King of Dharma)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame! (fie! shame! curse!)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame! (fie! shame! curse!)

• इति (iti) - (quotation marker) (thus, so (quotation marker))

• एव (eva) - indeed, immediately (only, indeed, just)

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders

• सभ्यानाम् (sabhyānām) - of the assembly members (of the assembly members, of the courtiers)

• निःसृताः (niḥsṛtāḥ) - issued forth (issued forth, came out, emerged)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - voices, words (cries) (words, voices, speeches)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Third person singular, Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, such (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्ते (ukte) - when spoken (having been spoken, when said)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

वचने (vacane) - in the words (in the word, in the speech)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by the King of natural law (dharma) (Yudhisthira) (by the King of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of Dharma, King of Justice (epithet for Yudhisthira or Yama)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'ukte'.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Janamejaya) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, name of Janamejaya

Patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ

धिक् (dhik) - shame! (fie! shame! curse!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

धिक् (dhik) - shame! (fie! shame! curse!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इति (iti) - (quotation marker) (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Root: i

Note: Quotation particle for 'dhik dhik'.

एव (eva) - indeed, immediately (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the immediate outcry.

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of 'vṛdh' (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सभ्यानाम् (sabhyānām) - of the assembly members (of the assembly members, of the courtiers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sabhya

sabhya - fit for an assembly, belonging to an assembly, a member of an assembly, a courtier

Derived from sabhā (assembly)

निःसृताः (niḥsṛtāḥ) - issued forth (issued forth, came out, emerged)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of niḥsṛta

niḥsṛta - gone out, issued forth, emerged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'sṛ' with prefix 'nis'.

Prefix: nis

Root: sṛ (class 1)

गिरः (giraḥ) - voices, words (cries) (words, voices, speeches)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice, song

Root: gṛ

Note: Subject of 'niḥsṛtāḥ'.