महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-10

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥१०॥

10. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

10. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim
samupāśritaḥ jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

10. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having heard this, and being resolute and having resorted to deceit, Śakuni addressed Yudhiṣṭhira, saying, "I have won!"

10. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע זאת שַׁקוּנִי, נחוש בדעתו ונסמך על הערמה, אמר ליוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, ניצחתי.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - "this" refers to the challenge or statement just made by Yudhiṣṭhira (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined to win by any means (determined, resolute, resolved)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - trickery or foul play in the dice game (deceit, fraud, trickery)

• समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to deceit (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

• जितम् (jitam) - "I have won!" (referring to the dice game) (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the statement "I have won!" (indeed, only, just)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning and skill in dice (Śakuni (proper name))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, known for his adherence to (dharma) (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira (spoke, addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampayana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a famous pupil of Vyāsa; narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from the root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - "this" refers to the challenge or statement just made by Yudhiṣṭhira (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter; context implies accusative.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root 'śru'

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - determined to win by any means (determined, resolute, resolved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolute, decided, undertaken, settled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sā' (to bind, finish) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - trickery or foul play in the dice game (deceit, fraud, trickery)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, wickedness, injury

From prefix 'ni' and root 'kṛ'

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समुपाश्रितः (samupāśritaḥ) - having resorted to deceit (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāśrita

samupāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, adopted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śri' (to resort to, cling to) with prefixes 'sam', 'upa', and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

जितम् (jitam) - "I have won!" (referring to the dice game) (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued, gained, victorious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ji'

Root: ji (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the statement "I have won!" (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, known for his cunning and skill in dice (Śakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; proper name (Śakuni)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - The eldest Pāṇḍava, known for his adherence to (dharma) (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; proper name (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound: yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to Yudhiṣṭhira (spoke, addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect middle

Augment 'a' + root 'bhāṣ' + ātmanepada ending 'ata'

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

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