महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

15. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim sam
upa āśritaḥ | jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

15. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having heard this, Shakuni, resolute and having resorted to deceit, then said to Yudhiṣṭhira, "It is won!"'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's speech. (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being determined. (determined, resolute, undertaken)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - resorting to deceit. (trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury)

• सम् (sam) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (together, completely)

• उप (upa) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (near, towards, sub-)

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (trickery) (resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in)

• जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's speech. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being determined. (determined, resolute, undertaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolute, undertaken, resolved

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of vi-ava-√so

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Modifies Shakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - resorting to deceit. (trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury, humiliation

Note: Object of 'samupāśritaḥ'.

सम् (sam) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (together, completely)

(indeclinable)

उप (upa) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (near, towards, sub-)

(indeclinable)

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (trickery) (resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of sam-upa-ā-√śri

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies Shakuni. The prefixes 'sam', 'upa', 'ā' combine with the root 'śri' to give the meaning 'resorted to completely'.

जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally, 'it is won'.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation or statement.

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (name of a king, brother of Gāndhārī)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

Note: Object of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

Imperfect middle 3rd person singular of √bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)