महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-58, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा व्यवसितो निकृतिं समुपाश्रितः ।
जितमित्येव शकुनिर्युधिष्ठिरमभाषत ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā vyavasito nikṛtiṁ samupāśritaḥ ,
jitamityeva śakuniryudhiṣṭhiramabhāṣata.

15. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | etat śrutvā vyavasitaḥ nikṛtim sam
upa āśritaḥ | jitam iti eva śakuniḥ yudhiṣṭhiram abhāṣata

15. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having heard this, Shakuni, resolute and having resorted to deceit, then said to Yudhiṣṭhira, "It is won!"'

15. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, כששמע זאת שַׁקוּנִי, נחוש בדעתו ונסמך על הערמה, אמר ליוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, ניצחתי.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's speech. (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being determined. (determined, resolute, undertaken)

• निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - resorting to deceit. (trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury)

• सम् (sam) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (together, completely)

• उप (upa) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (near, towards, sub-)

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (trickery) (resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in)

• जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (won, conquered)

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira's speech. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

व्यवसितः (vyavasitaḥ) - Shakuni, being determined. (determined, resolute, undertaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - determined, resolute, undertaken, resolved

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of vi-ava-√so

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Modifies Shakuni.

निकृतिम् (nikṛtim) - resorting to deceit. (trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - trickery, deceit, dishonesty, injury, humiliation

Note: Object of 'samupāśritaḥ'.

सम् (sam) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (together, completely)

(indeclinable)

उप (upa) - Upasarga for the verb 'āśritaḥ'. (near, towards, sub-)

(indeclinable)

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - having resorted to (trickery) (resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, sought refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of sam-upa-ā-√śri

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies Shakuni. The prefixes 'sam', 'upa', 'ā' combine with the root 'śri' to give the meaning 'resorted to completely'.

जितम् (jitam) - 'It is won!' (won, conquered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jita

jita - won, conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally, 'it is won'.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation or statement.

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (name of a king, brother of Gāndhārī)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

Note: Object of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

Imperfect middle 3rd person singular of √bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

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