महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-58

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं यथा शूद्रो भवेद्द्विजः ।
ब्राह्मणो वा च्युतो धर्माद्यथा शूद्रत्वमाप्नुते ॥५८॥

58. etatte sarvamākhyātaṁ yathā śūdro bhaveddvijaḥ ,
brāhmaṇo vā cyuto dharmādyathā śūdratvamāpnute.

58. etat te sarvam ākhyātaṃ yathā śūdraḥ bhavet dvijaḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ vā cyutaḥ dharmāt yathā śūdratvam āpnute

58. etat sarvam te ākhyātaṃ yathā śūdraḥ dvijaḥ bhavet
vā yathā brāhmaṇaḥ dharmāt cyutaḥ śūdratvam āpnute

58. All this has been explained to you: how a śūdra may become a twice-born (dvija), and conversely, how a Brahmin who has deviated from his natural law (dharma) attains the state of a śūdra.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, all this

• ते (te) - to you

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• आख्यातं (ākhyātaṁ) - has been told, explained

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (member of the fourth varna)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may become, should become

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

• वा (vā) - or, and

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen, deviated, deprived of

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from his natural law (dharma) (from `dharma`, from duty/righteousness)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

• शूद्रत्वम् (śūdratvam) - the state of being a śūdra, śūdra-hood

• आप्नुते (āpnute) - obtains, reaches, attains

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, all this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

आख्यातं (ākhyātaṁ) - has been told, explained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, narrated, explained, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (member of the fourth varna)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth varna, a laborer, a servant

भवेत् (bhavet) - may become, should become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix used to form agent nouns/adjectives from roots
  Derived from root `jan`
  Root: jan (class 4)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, belonging to or relating to Brahman

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen, deviated, deprived of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated from, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

Root: cyu (class 1)

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from his natural law (dharma) (from `dharma`, from duty/righteousness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, cosmic order

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

शूद्रत्वम् (śūdratvam) - the state of being a śūdra, śūdra-hood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūdratva

śūdratva - the state or condition of being a śūdra, śūdra-hood

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+tva)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth varna, a laborer, a servant
  noun (masculine)
• tva – state, condition, -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (neuter)
  Suffix `tva` forming neuter abstract nouns

आप्नुते (āpnute) - obtains, reaches, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)