महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-38

ग्राम्यधर्मान्न सेवेत स्वच्छन्देनार्थकोविदः ।
ऋतुकाले तु धर्मात्मा पत्नीं सेवेत नित्यदा ॥३८॥

38. grāmyadharmānna seveta svacchandenārthakovidaḥ ,
ṛtukāle tu dharmātmā patnīṁ seveta nityadā.

38. grāmyadharmān na seveta svaicchandena arthakovidaḥ
ṛtukāle tu dharmātmā patnīm seveta nityadā

38. An expert in beneficial matters should not indulge in worldly practices by his own arbitrary will. But a person whose nature is (dharma) (dharmātmā) should always approach his wife during the proper season.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्राम्यधर्मान् (grāmyadharmān) - worldly practices, village customs, rustic pleasures

• न (na) - not, no

• सेवेत (seveta) - should indulge in (worldly practices) (should resort to, should serve, should indulge in)

• स्वैच्छन्देन (svaicchandena) - by one's own free will, arbitrarily

• अर्थकोविदः (arthakovidaḥ) - expert in beneficial matters (i.e., what is good for him/the community) (expert in matters of utility, skilled in wealth/aims)

• ऋतुकाले (ṛtukāle) - at the proper time (for procreation) (at the proper time, at the season)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous person, one whose nature is (dharma)

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife

• सेवेत (seveta) - should approach (his wife) (should resort to, should serve, should engage with)

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, regularly, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

ग्राम्यधर्मान् (grāmyadharmān) - worldly practices, village customs, rustic pleasures

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāmyadharma

grāmyadharma - village custom, worldly practice, sexual intercourse (as a village custom)

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāmya+dharma)

• grāmya – rustic, rural, belonging to a village, worldly
  adjective (masculine)
  From grāma.
• dharma – custom, practice, law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of seveta.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सेवेत (seveta) - should indulge in (worldly practices) (should resort to, should serve, should indulge in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sev

Optative Middle

3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: sev (class 1)

स्वैच्छन्देन (svaicchandena) - by one's own free will, arbitrarily

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svaiccha

svaiccha - according to one's own will

Compound. Instrumental case used adverbially.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+icchā)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (neuter)
• icchā – wish, desire, will
  noun (feminine)
  From √iṣ.
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Adverbial use.

अर्थकोविदः (arthakovidaḥ) - expert in beneficial matters (i.e., what is good for him/the community) (expert in matters of utility, skilled in wealth/aims)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthakovida

arthakovida - one who knows purpose/advantage/wealth, expert in utility

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+kovida)

• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, utility, benefit
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – knowing, skilled, expert
  adjective (masculine)
  From kovid (knowing).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause, implied.

ऋतुकाले (ṛtukāle) - at the proper time (for procreation) (at the proper time, at the season)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ṛtukāla

ṛtukāla - proper season, menstruation period, fertile period

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛtu+kāla)

• ṛtu – season, proper time, menstruation
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial locative.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous person, one whose nature is (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature is righteousness, a righteous soul/person

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress (of a house)

Note: Object of seveta.

सेवेत (seveta) - should approach (his wife) (should resort to, should serve, should engage with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sev

Optative Middle

3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: sev (class 1)

नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, regularly, constantly

(indeclinable)

From nitya + dā (suffix indicating time).