महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-45

एतैः कर्मफलैर्देवि न्यूनजातिकुलोद्भवः ।
शूद्रोऽप्यागमसंपन्नो द्विजो भवति संस्कृतः ॥४५॥

45. etaiḥ karmaphalairdevi nyūnajātikulodbhavaḥ ,
śūdro'pyāgamasaṁpanno dvijo bhavati saṁskṛtaḥ.

45. etaiḥ karmaphalaiḥ devi nyūnajātīkulodbhavaḥ
śūdraḥ api āgamasaṃpannaḥ dvijaḥ bhavati saṃskṛtaḥ

45. devi etaiḥ karmaphalaiḥ nyūnajātīkulodbhavaḥ
śūdraḥ api āgamasaṃpannaḥ saṃskṛtaḥ dvijaḥ bhavati

45. O Goddess, even a śūdra born into a low social class or family, by means of these fruits of action (karma), becomes a cultivated twice-born (dvija) who is well-versed in traditional knowledge (āgama).

Words meanings summery:

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these; with these

• कर्मफलैः (karmaphalaiḥ) - by the fruits of actions; by the results of deeds

• देवि (devi) - O goddess

• न्यूनजातीकुलोद्भवः (nyūnajātīkulodbhavaḥ) - one born in a low caste or family

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the lowest social class; worker

• अपि (api) - even; also; moreover

• आगमसंपन्नः (āgamasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with traditional knowledge; proficient in sacred traditions

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin by qualities, not birth (twice-born; brahmin; bird)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes; is; exists

• संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - cultivated; refined; purified; accomplished

Words meanings and morphology

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these; with these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this; these

Note: Refers to qualities/actions mentioned previously (in previous verses, implicitly).

कर्मफलैः (karmaphalaiḥ) - by the fruits of actions; by the results of deeds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karmaphala

karmaphala - fruit of action; result of deed; consequence of (karma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karman+phala)

• karman – action; deed; work; ritual; fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  from root KṚ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• phala – fruit; result; consequence; reward
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal (class 1)

देवि (devi) - O goddess

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess; divine woman

Feminine form of deva

Root: div (class 4)

Note: An address to a goddess.

न्यूनजातीकुलोद्भवः (nyūnajātīkulodbhavaḥ) - one born in a low caste or family

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyūnajātīkulodbhava

nyūnajātīkulodbhava - born in a low caste or family; of humble birth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nyūna+jāti+kula+udbhava)

• nyūna – low; deficient; inferior
  adjective (neuter)
• jāti – birth; caste; class; species
  noun (feminine)
  from root JAN (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• kula – family; lineage; race
  noun (neuter)
• udbhava – origin; birth; arising from
  noun (masculine)
  from root BHŪ (to be) with upasarga UD
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the lowest social class; worker

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the lowest social class; worker

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - even; also; moreover

(indeclinable)

आगमसंपन्नः (āgamasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with traditional knowledge; proficient in sacred traditions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgamasaṃpanna

āgamasaṁpanna - endowed with traditional knowledge; proficient in sacred traditions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āgama+saṃpanna)

• āgama – traditional knowledge; sacred text; scripture
  noun (masculine)
  from root GAM (to go) with upasarga Ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• saṃpanna – endowed with; accomplished; successful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root PAD (to go, to move) with upasarga SAM
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin by qualities, not birth (twice-born; brahmin; bird)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born; brahmin; bird; tooth

from dvi (two) and ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – to be born; to produce
  verb
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes; is; exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - cultivated; refined; purified; accomplished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - cultivated; refined; purified; accomplished

Past Passive Participle

from root KṚ (to do) with upasarga SAM

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with śūdraḥ and dvijaḥ.