महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-33

सर्वातिथ्यमुपातिष्ठञ्शेषान्नकृतभोजनः ।
त्रेताग्निमन्त्रविहितो वैश्यो भवति वै यदि ।
स वैश्यः क्षत्रियकुले शुचौ महति जायते ॥३३॥

33. sarvātithyamupātiṣṭhañśeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ ,
tretāgnimantravihito vaiśyo bhavati vai yadi ,
sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyakule śucau mahati jāyate.

33. sarvātithyam upātiṣṭhan
śeṣānnekṛtabhojanaḥ tretāgnimantravihitaḥ
vaiśyaḥ bhavati vai yadi saḥ vaiśyaḥ
kṣatriyakule śucau mahati jāyate

33. yadi vai vaiśyaḥ sarvātithyam
upātiṣṭhan śeṣānnekṛtabhojanaḥ
tretāgnimantravihitaḥ bhavati saḥ vaiśyaḥ
śucau mahati kṣatriyakule jāyate

33. Observing hospitality (ātithya) towards all, eating meals made from remnants (after offerings), consecrated by the mantras of the three sacred fires, if such a person is indeed a vaiśya, then that vaiśya is reborn into a pure, great kṣatriya family.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वातिथ्यम् (sarvātithyam) - hospitality towards all

• उपातिष्ठन् (upātiṣṭhan) - observing, attending to, practicing

• शेषान्नेकृतभोजनः (śeṣānnekṛtabhojanaḥ) - eating meals made from remnants after offerings and hospitality (one for whom food is made from remnants, one who eats remnants)

• त्रेताग्निमन्त्रविहितः (tretāgnimantravihitaḥ) - consecrated by mantras for the three sacred fires

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• यदि (yadi) - if

• सः (saḥ) - that (vaiśya) (that, he)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

• क्षत्रियकुले (kṣatriyakule) - in a kṣatriya family

• शुचौ (śucau) - in a pure (family)

• महति (mahati) - in a great (family)

• जायते (jāyate) - is reborn (into a new family) (is born, arises)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वातिथ्यम् (sarvātithyam) - hospitality towards all

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvātithya

sarvātithya - hospitality towards all, universal hospitality

Compound of `sarva` (all) and `ātithya` (hospitality).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ātithya)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• ātithya – hospitality, guest-duty
  noun (neuter)
  From `atithi` (guest).

Note: Object of `upātiṣṭhan`.

उपातिष्ठन् (upātiṣṭhan) - observing, attending to, practicing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upātiṣṭhat

upātiṣṭhat - observing, attending to, practicing, standing near

Present Active Participle

Present participle of √sthā (to stand) with prefixes upa and ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

शेषान्नेकृतभोजनः (śeṣānnekṛtabhojanaḥ) - eating meals made from remnants after offerings and hospitality (one for whom food is made from remnants, one who eats remnants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śeṣānnekṛtabhojana

śeṣānnekṛtabhojana - one for whom food is made from remnants

Bahuvrīhi compound. `śeṣānna` (remnant food) + `kṛta` (made) + `bhojana` (food/eating).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śeṣānna+kṛta+bhojana)

• śeṣānna – remnant food, leftover food
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpuruṣa compound of `śeṣa` (remainder) and `anna` (food).
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• bhojana – food, meal, eating
  noun (neuter)
  From root √bhuj (to eat).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

त्रेताग्निमन्त्रविहितः (tretāgnimantravihitaḥ) - consecrated by mantras for the three sacred fires

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tretāgnimantravihita

tretāgnimantravihita - consecrated by mantras for the three sacred fires

Compound: `tretāgni` (three fires) + `mantra` (mantra) + `vihita` (ordained/consecrated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tretāgni+mantra+vihita)

• tretāgni – the three sacred fires
  noun (masculine)
  Dvigu compound: `tretā` (three) + `agni` (fire).
• mantra – sacred text, prayer, formula
  noun (masculine)
  From root √man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)
• vihita – ordained, prescribed, consecrated, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dhā (to place) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a person of the vaiśya class, merchant, farmer

Derivative from `viś` (people, community).

Note: Subject of the verb.

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present active indicative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - that (vaiśya) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a person of the vaiśya class, merchant, farmer

Derivative from `viś` (people, community).

क्षत्रियकुले (kṣatriyakule) - in a kṣatriya family

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣatriyakula

kṣatriyakula - kṣatriya family

Tatpuruṣa compound: `kṣatriya` (kṣatriya) + `kula` (family).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+kula)

• kṣatriya – a member of the kṣatriya (warrior/ruler) class
  noun (masculine)
  From `kṣatra` (rule, power).
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location of birth.

शुचौ (śucau) - in a pure (family)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, sacred

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Refers to `kula`.

महति (mahati) - in a great (family)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Present active participle used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Refers to `kula`.

जायते (jāyate) - is reborn (into a new family) (is born, arises)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present middle indicative (Dīvādi class).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The middle voice (ātmanepada) is common for `jan` when meaning 'to be born'.