महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-34

स वैश्यः क्षत्रियो जातो जन्मप्रभृति संस्कृतः ।
उपनीतो व्रतपरो द्विजो भवति सत्कृतः ॥३४॥

34. sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyo jāto janmaprabhṛti saṁskṛtaḥ ,
upanīto vrataparo dvijo bhavati satkṛtaḥ.

34. saḥ vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyaḥ jātaḥ janmaprabhṛti saṃskṛtaḥ
upanītaḥ vrataparaḥ dvijaḥ bhavati satkṛtaḥ

34. saḥ vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyaḥ jātaḥ janmaprabhṛti saṃskṛtaḥ
upanītaḥ vrataparaḥ satkṛtaḥ dvijaḥ bhavati

34. That vaiśya, having been born as a kṣatriya, is consecrated from birth, initiated (upanīta), and devoted to vows, thus becoming a respected twice-born (dvija).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (vaiśya) (that, he)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - born as a kṣatriya (a kṣatriya (warrior/ruler))

• जातः (jātaḥ) - having been born (as a kṣatriya) (born, produced, become)

• जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth onwards, since birth

• संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - having undergone purificatory rites, consecrated (consecrated, refined, prepared, cultured)

• उपनीतः (upanītaḥ) - having undergone the upanayana (initiation) ceremony (initiated, led near (to a teacher))

• व्रतपरः (vrataparaḥ) - devoted to vows, intent on sacred observances

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) person (twice-born, brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya)

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

• सत्कृतः (satkṛtaḥ) - honored, respected, treated with reverence

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (vaiśya) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a person of the vaiśya (merchant/farmer) class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a person of the vaiśya class, merchant, farmer

Derivative from `viś` (people, community).

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - born as a kṣatriya (a kṣatriya (warrior/ruler))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the kṣatriya class, a warrior, a ruler

From `kṣatra` (rule, power).

Note: Predicate nominative for `jātaḥ`.

जातः (jātaḥ) - having been born (as a kṣatriya) (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the vaiśya.

जन्मप्रभृति (janmaprabhṛti) - from birth onwards, since birth

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound (or used adverbially). `janma` (birth) + `prabhṛti` (beginning from).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (janman+prabhṛti)

• janman – birth, origin
  noun (neuter)
  From root √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• prabhṛti – beginning from, since
  indeclinable
  From √bhṛ (to bear) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying `saṃskṛtaḥ`.

संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - having undergone purificatory rites, consecrated (consecrated, refined, prepared, cultured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - consecrated, refined, prepared, adorned, cultured

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `vaiśyaḥ`.

उपनीतः (upanītaḥ) - having undergone the upanayana (initiation) ceremony (initiated, led near (to a teacher))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upanīta

upanīta - initiated, led near, brought

Past Passive Participle

From root √nī (to lead) with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vaiśyaḥ`.

व्रतपरः (vrataparaḥ) - devoted to vows, intent on sacred observances

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vratapara

vratapara - devoted to vows, intent on sacred observances

Tatpuruṣa compound: `vrata` (vow) + `para` (intent on, devoted to).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vrata+para)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• para – devoted to, intent on, supreme, other
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `vaiśyaḥ`.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) person (twice-born, brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (referring to brahmins, kṣatriyas, and vaiśyas who undergo upanayana), bird, tooth

Bahuvrīhi compound: "born twice".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix from √jan
  Formed from root √jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for `bhavati`.

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, present active indicative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सत्कृतः (satkṛtaḥ) - honored, respected, treated with reverence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satkṛta

satkṛta - honored, respected, treated with reverence, done well

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with prefix sat.

Prefix: sat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `dvijaḥ`.