महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-4

केन वा कर्मणा विप्रः शूद्रयोनौ प्रजायते ।
क्षत्रियः शूद्रतामेति केन वा कर्मणा विभो ॥४॥

4. kena vā karmaṇā vipraḥ śūdrayonau prajāyate ,
kṣatriyaḥ śūdratāmeti kena vā karmaṇā vibho.

4. kena vā karmaṇā vipraḥ śūdra-yonau prajāyate
kṣatriyaḥ śūdratām eti kena vā karmaṇā vibho

4. vibho kena vā karmaṇā vipraḥ śūdra-yonau
prajāyate kena vā karmaṇā kṣatriyaḥ śūdratām eti

4. O all-pervading one (vibhu), by what action (karma) does a Brahmin (vipra) take birth in the womb of a śūdra? And by what action (karma) does a Kṣatriya attain the state of a śūdra?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom, how

• वा (vā) - or, and

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin; inspired, wise)

• शूद्र-योनौ (śūdra-yonau) - in a śūdra's womb or origin

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, takes birth

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a member of the warrior class, a Kṣatriya

• शूद्रताम् (śūdratām) - the state or condition of being a śūdra

• एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom, how

• वा (vā) - or, and

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

• विभो (vibho) - O all-pervading one, O lord

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what, by whom, how

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin; inspired, wise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest; inspired, wise, learned

शूद्र-योनौ (śūdra-yonau) - in a śūdra's womb or origin

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdra-yoni

śūdra-yoni - śūdra womb, origin as a śūdra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+yoni)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth social class, a Śūdra
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source
  noun (feminine)

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, takes birth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of jan

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a member of the warrior class, a Kṣatriya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class, a Kṣatriya

शूद्रताम् (śūdratām) - the state or condition of being a śūdra

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śūdratā

śūdratā - the state or condition of being a śūdra

Derived from 'śūdra' with the suffix '-tā' indicating state or quality.

एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of i

Root: i (class 2)

केन (kena) - by what, by whom, how

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विभो (vibho) - O all-pervading one, O lord

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, mighty, powerful; lord, master

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)