महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-40

सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य कुर्वाणः सुमनाः सदा ।
शूद्राणां चान्नकामानां नित्यं सिद्धमिति ब्रुवन् ॥४०॥

40. sarvātithyaṁ trivargasya kurvāṇaḥ sumanāḥ sadā ,
śūdrāṇāṁ cānnakāmānāṁ nityaṁ siddhamiti bruvan.

40. sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya kurvāṇaḥ sumanāḥ sadā
śūdrāṇāṃ ca annakāmānāṃ nityaṃ siddhaṃ iti bruvan

40. sadā sumanāḥ trivargasya sarvātithyaṃ kurvāṇaḥ ca
annakāmānāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ nityaṃ siddhaṃ iti bruvan

40. Always cheerful, he extends hospitality to all three classes, and constantly says 'It is ready!' to those śūdras desiring food.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वातिथ्यं (sarvātithyaṁ) - hospitality to all, universal hospitality

• त्रिवर्गस्य (trivargasya) - refers to the three upper social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya) in the context of society. (of the group of three, of the three classes/aims)

• कुर्वाणः (kurvāṇaḥ) - performing, doing, making

• सुमनाः (sumanāḥ) - cheerful, benevolent, good-minded

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• शूद्राणां (śūdrāṇāṁ) - of the śūdras

• च (ca) - and

• अन्नकामानां (annakāmānāṁ) - of those desiring food, for those who want food

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• सिद्धं (siddhaṁ) - "It is ready" (referring to food). (accomplished, ready, prepared)

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking, telling

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वातिथ्यं (sarvātithyaṁ) - hospitality to all, universal hospitality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvātithya

sarvātithya - hospitality to all, universal hospitality

Derived from sarva (all) and atithi (guest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ātithya)

• sarva – all, whole, complete
  adjective (masculine)
• ātithya – hospitality, host-like behavior
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from atithi (guest).

Note: Object of kurvāṇaḥ.

त्रिवर्गस्य (trivargasya) - refers to the three upper social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya) in the context of society. (of the group of three, of the three classes/aims)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of trivarga

trivarga - group of three, three classes, three aims (dharma, artha, kāma)

Compound of tri (three) and varga (group, class).

Compound type : dvigu (tri+varga)

• tri – three
  numeral
• varga – class, group, category, division
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates for whom hospitality is performed.

कुर्वाणः (kurvāṇaḥ) - performing, doing, making

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvāṇa

kurvāṇa - performing, doing, making

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make) with Śānac suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the continuous action of the subject.

सुमनाः (sumanāḥ) - cheerful, benevolent, good-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumanas

sumanas - cheerful, benevolent, good-minded, auspicious

Compound of su (good) and manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+manas)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the state of the subject.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies kurvāṇaḥ and sumanāḥ.

शूद्राणां (śūdrāṇāṁ) - of the śūdras

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class, a labourer

Note: Qualifies annakāmānāṃ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्नकामानां (annakāmānāṁ) - of those desiring food, for those who want food

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of annakāma

annakāma - desiring food, wishing for food

Compound of anna (food) and kāma (desire).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anna+kāma)

• anna – food, grain
  noun (neuter)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śūdrāṇāṃ.

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying bruvan.

सिद्धं (siddhaṁ) - "It is ready" (referring to food). (accomplished, ready, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of siddha

siddha - accomplished, ready, prepared, perfected, successful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish).

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Forms part of the direct speech.

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

Particle.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking, telling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - saying, speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √brū (to speak, say) with Śatṛ suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Describes the continuous action of the subject.