महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-32

शेषाशी विजिताहारो निष्कामो निरहंवदः ।
अग्निहोत्रमुपासंश्च जुह्वानश्च यथाविधि ॥३२॥

32. śeṣāśī vijitāhāro niṣkāmo nirahaṁvadaḥ ,
agnihotramupāsaṁśca juhvānaśca yathāvidhi.

32. śeṣāśī vijitāhāraḥ niṣkāmaḥ nirahaṃvadaḥ
agnihotram upāsan ca juhvānaḥ ca yathāvidhi

32. śeṣāśī vijitāhāraḥ niṣkāmaḥ nirahaṃvadaḥ ca
agnihotram upāsan ca yathāvidhi juhvānaḥ

32. Consuming only remnants (after offerings), having controlled his diet, free from desire, devoid of egoism (ahaṅkāra), and regularly performing the Agnihotra (Vedic fire ritual), offering oblations according to prescribed rules.

Words meanings summery:

• शेषाशी (śeṣāśī) - one who eats only the remnants after making offerings (one who eats remnants)

• विजिताहारः (vijitāhāraḥ) - having controlled his diet/food

• निष्कामः (niṣkāmaḥ) - free from desire, desireless

• निरहंवदः (nirahaṁvadaḥ) - free from egoism, not saying "I"

• अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - Agnihotra (Vedic fire ritual)

• उपासन् (upāsan) - performing (the Agnihotra) (worshipping, serving, attending, performing)

• च (ca) - and

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering, performing oblations

• च (ca) - and

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, lawfully

Words meanings and morphology

शेषाशी (śeṣāśī) - one who eats only the remnants after making offerings (one who eats remnants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śeṣāśin

śeṣāśin - one who eats remnants

Compound of `śeṣa` (remainder) and `āśin` (eater).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śeṣa+āśin)

• śeṣa – remainder, residue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• āśin – eater, consuming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (nvin)
  From root √aś (to eat) with suffix -in.
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Refers to the agent, a person.

विजिताहारः (vijitāhāraḥ) - having controlled his diet/food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijitāhāra

vijitāhāra - having controlled his diet/food

Bahuvrīhi compound: "one by whom food is conquered".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vijita+āhāra)

• vijita – conquered, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  From root √hṛ (to take) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

निष्कामः (niṣkāmaḥ) - free from desire, desireless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkāma

niṣkāma - free from desire, desireless

Bahuvrīhi compound, "without desire".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+kāma)

• nis – out, away, without
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix indicating negation or absence.
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

निरहंवदः (nirahaṁvadaḥ) - free from egoism, not saying "I"

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirahaṃvada

nirahaṁvada - free from egoism, not saying "I"

Bahuvrīhi compound: "one for whom there is no 'I' (aham) speaking (vada)".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+aham+vada)

• nis – out, away, without
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix indicating negation or absence.
• aham – I, ego
  pronoun
  First person singular pronoun. In compounds, it refers to ego or self-importance.
• vada – speaking, speaker
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - Agnihotra (Vedic fire ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agnihotra

agnihotra - Agnihotra, a daily fire ritual

Compound of `agni` (fire) and `hotra` (oblation/offering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+hotra)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• hotra – offering, oblation, sacrifice
  noun (neuter)
  From root √hu (to offer).
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Object of the participle `upāsan`.

उपासन् (upāsan) - performing (the Agnihotra) (worshipping, serving, attending, performing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāsan

upāsan - worshipping, serving, attending, performing

Present Active Participle

Present participle of √ās (to sit, attend) with prefixes upa and ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering, performing oblations

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - offering, sacrificing

Present Middle Participle

Present participle of root √hu (to offer, sacrifice) in the middle voice.

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, lawfully

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, ordinance, prescribed method
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhā (to place) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Acts as an adverb.