महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-131, verse-5

एतं मे संशयं देव वद भूतपतेऽनघ ।
त्रयो वर्णाः प्रकृत्येह कथं ब्राह्मण्यमाप्नुयुः ॥५॥

5. etaṁ me saṁśayaṁ deva vada bhūtapate'nagha ,
trayo varṇāḥ prakṛtyeha kathaṁ brāhmaṇyamāpnuyuḥ.

5. etam me saṃśayam deva vada bhūtapate anagha trayaḥ
varṇāḥ prakṛtyā iha katham brāhmaṇyam āpnuyuḥ

5. deva anagha bhūtapate etam me saṃśayam vada iha
prakṛtyā trayaḥ varṇāḥ katham brāhmaṇyam āpnuyuḥ

5. O sinless one, lord of beings (bhūtapati), O divine one, tell me this doubt (saṃśaya). How can the three social classes (varṇas) here, by their nature, attain the state of a Brahmin?

Words meanings summery:

• एतम् (etam) - this, this one

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt, uncertainty

• देव (deva) - O god, O divine one

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• भूतपते (bhūtapate) - O lord of beings

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (social classes, colors)

• प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by nature, by origin

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state or dignity of a Brahmin, Brahminhood

• आप्नुयुः (āpnuyuḥ) - may they attain, should they obtain

Words meanings and morphology

एतम् (etam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

देव (deva) - O god, O divine one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine being, lord

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

भूतपते (bhūtapate) - O lord of beings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhūtapati

bhūtapati - lord of beings, lord of creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pati)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'bhū'.
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+agha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, evil, fault
  noun (neuter)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (social classes, colors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, hue; social class, caste; sound, letter

Root: vṛ (class 5)

प्रकृत्या (prakṛtyā) - by nature, by origin

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, essential property, original form, primary matter (prakṛti)

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - the state or dignity of a Brahmin, Brahminhood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - the state or dignity of a Brahmin, Brahminhood

Derived from 'brāhmaṇa' with the suffix '-ya' indicating state or quality.

आप्नुयुः (āpnuyuḥ) - may they attain, should they obtain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āp

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)