महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-45

स राजन्मोक्ष्यसे पापात्तेन पूर्वेण हेतुना ।
त्राणार्थं वा वधेनैषामथ वा नृपकर्मणा ॥४५॥

45. sa rājanmokṣyase pāpāttena pūrveṇa hetunā ,
trāṇārthaṁ vā vadhenaiṣāmatha vā nṛpakarmaṇā.

45. sa rājan mokṣyase pāpāt tena pūrveṇa hetunā |
trāṇārtham vā vadhena eṣām atha vā nṛpakarmaṇā

45. rājan sa pūrveṇa tena hetunā pāpāt mokṣyase vā eṣām vadhena trāṇārtham,
atha vā nṛpakarmaṇā

45. O King, you will be liberated (mokṣa) from sin by that aforementioned reason: either for the sake of protecting (others) through the killing of these (enemies), or by fulfilling your duty (dharma) as a king.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - thus, referring to the prior argument/statement (he, that, thus)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will be liberated (mokṣa) (you will be freed, you will be liberated)

• पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

• तेन (tena) - by that

• पूर्वेण (pūrveṇa) - by previous, by former

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

• त्राणार्थम् (trāṇārtham) - for the sake of protection, for protection

• वा (vā) - or, either

• वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaughter

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (enemies) (of these)

• अथ (atha) - or else (then, thereupon, moreover)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• नृपकर्मणा (nṛpakarmaṇā) - by the fulfilling of your duty (dharma) as a king (by the action of a king, by the duty of a king)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - thus, referring to the prior argument/statement (he, that, thus)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will be liberated (mokṣa) (you will be freed, you will be liberated)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of mokṣ

Desiderative root of 'muc' (to release) leading to 'mokṣ' + future suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, bad deed

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पूर्वेण (pūrveṇa) - by previous, by former

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - previous, former, prior

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - reason, cause, motive

त्राणार्थम् (trāṇārtham) - for the sake of protection, for protection

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trāṇa+artha)

• trāṇa – protection, defense, refuge
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'trā' (to protect).
  Root: trā (class 2)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially, hence indeclinable in this context.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaughter

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, striking

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill), with 'vadha' as a noun form.

Root: han (class 2)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (enemies) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

अथ (atha) - or else (then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

नृपकर्मणा (nṛpakarmaṇā) - by the fulfilling of your duty (dharma) as a king (by the action of a king, by the duty of a king)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nṛpakarmaṇ

nṛpakarmaṇ - act of a king, duty of a king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+karman)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector)
• karman – action, deed, duty, fate
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)