महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
तपसा कर्मभिश्चैव प्रदानेन च भारत ।
पुनाति पापं पुरुषः पूतश्चेन्न प्रवर्तते ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
tapasā karmabhiścaiva pradānena ca bhārata ,
punāti pāpaṁ puruṣaḥ pūtaścenna pravartate.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca tapasā karmabhiḥ ca eva pradānena ca
bhārata punāti pāpam puruṣaḥ pūtaḥ ca cet na pravartate

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca bhārata puruṣaḥ tapasā karmabhiḥ ca eva
pradānena ca pāpam punāti cet pūtaḥ na pravartate

1. Vyāsa said: "O Bhārata, a person purifies sin through austerity (tapas), ritual actions (karma), and giving, provided that, once purified, he does not engage in it again."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa (Vyāsa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through penance

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by ritual actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - and also (indeed, certainly, only)

• प्रदानेन (pradānena) - by giving, by donation

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• पुनाति (punāti) - purifies

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person

• पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified, cleansed

• च (ca) - and

• चेत् (cet) - provided that (if)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - does not engage in (sin) again (engages in, proceeds, continues)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa (Vyāsa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - The sage Vyāsa; compiler; expander

From root `as` (to throw, scatter) with prefixes `vi-ā-`.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: as (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Third person singular, perfect active indicative of root `vac`. Formed with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - Austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

Derived from root `tap` (to heat, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by ritual actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karman

karman - Action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + suffix `-man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - and also (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

प्रदानेन (pradānena) - by giving, by donation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - Giving, granting, donation, offering

From prefix `pra-` + root `dā` (to give) + suffix `-ana`.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (an address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - Descendant of Bharata; related to Bharata; India

Patronymic from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

पुनाति (punāti) - purifies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pū

Present active

Third person singular, present active indicative of root `pū` (class 9).

Root: pū (class 9)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - Evil, bad, wicked, sin, demerit

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - Man, person, male, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified, cleansed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - Purified, clean, cleansed, sacred

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `pū` (to purify).

Root: pū (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

चेत् (cet) - provided that (if)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - does not engage in (sin) again (engages in, proceeds, continues)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pravṛt

Present middle

Third person singular, present middle indicative of root `vṛt` (class 1) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)