महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-2

एककालं तु भुञ्जानश्चरन्भैक्षं स्वकर्मकृत् ।
कपालपाणिः खट्वाङ्गी ब्रह्मचारी सदोत्थितः ॥२॥

2. ekakālaṁ tu bhuñjānaścaranbhaikṣaṁ svakarmakṛt ,
kapālapāṇiḥ khaṭvāṅgī brahmacārī sadotthitaḥ.

2. ekakālam tu bhuñjānaḥ caran bhaikṣam svakarman-kṛt
kapāla-pāṇiḥ khaṭvāṅgī brahmacārī sadā utthitaḥ

2. tu bhuñjānaḥ ekakālam caran bhaikṣam svakarman-kṛt
kapāla-pāṇiḥ khaṭvāṅgī brahmacārī sadā utthitaḥ

2. Eating only once a day, wandering for alms, performing his own duties (karma), holding a skull in his hand, bearing a skull-topped staff, a celibate student (brahmacārī), always vigilant.

Words meanings summery:

• एककालम् (ekakālam) - eating once a day (at one time, once a day)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - eating, enjoying

• चरन् (caran) - wandering for alms (wandering, moving)

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - food obtained as alms (alms, begging)

• स्वकर्मन्-कृत् (svakarman-kṛt) - performing one's own duties

• कपाल-पाणिः (kapāla-pāṇiḥ) - holding a skull as an alms bowl (having a skull in hand)

• खट्वाङ्गी (khaṭvāṅgī) - bearing a khaṭvāṅga (club with a skull at the top)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, practitioner of celibacy (brahmacārī)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - always vigilant/prepared (risen, arisen, alert, vigilant)

Words meanings and morphology

एककालम् (ekakālam) - eating once a day (at one time, once a day)

(adverb)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+kāla)

• eka – One, single, sole
  numeral/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• kāla – Time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate frequency.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - eating, enjoying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - Eating, enjoying, protecting

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of root `bhuj` (class 7, to eat, enjoy, protect).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

चरन् (caran) - wandering for alms (wandering, moving)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - Moving, wandering, practicing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root `car` (class 1, to move, wander, practice).

Root: car (class 1)

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - food obtained as alms (alms, begging)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - Alms, begging, mendicancy

Derived from `bhikṣā` (alms).

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'caran' (wandering for).

स्वकर्मन्-कृत् (svakarman-kṛt) - performing one's own duties

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svakarman-kṛt

svakarman-kṛt - One who performs his own actions/duties (karma)

Compound of `svakarman` (one's own action/duty) and `kṛt` (doer, performer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svakarman+kṛt)

• svakarman – One's own duty/action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of `sva` (own) and `karman` (action, duty).
• kṛt – Doer, maker, performer
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root `kṛ` (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the person undertaking penance).

कपाल-पाणिः (kapāla-pāṇiḥ) - holding a skull as an alms bowl (having a skull in hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapāla-pāṇi

kapāla-pāṇi - One who has a skull in his hand

Bahuvrīhi compound: `kapāla` (skull) + `pāṇi` (hand).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapāla+pāṇi)

• kapāla – Skull, potsherd, begging bowl
  noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – Hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the person undertaking penance).

खट्वाङ्गी (khaṭvāṅgī) - bearing a khaṭvāṅga (club with a skull at the top)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaṭvāṅgin

khaṭvāṅgin - Bearing a khaṭvāṅga; an epithet of Śiva

From `khaṭvāṅga` (skull-topped staff) + suffix `-in` (possessive). `khaṭvāṅga` itself is a compound.

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the person undertaking penance).

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, practitioner of celibacy (brahmacārī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - One who practices celibacy, a student, a celibate (brahmacārī)

Compound of `brahman` (Veda/sacred knowledge) and `cārin` (one who moves/practices). Refers to the first stage of life (āśrama).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – Veda, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• cārin – Going, moving, practicing, one who practices
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root `car` (to move, practice) + suffix `-in`.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the person undertaking penance).

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Used with `utthitaḥ` (alert, vigilant).

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - always vigilant/prepared (risen, arisen, alert, vigilant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - Risen, awake, alert, ready, prepared

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ud-`.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (the person undertaking penance).