महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-31

अगम्यागमने राजन्प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ।
आर्द्रवस्त्रेण षण्मासं विहार्यं भस्मशायिना ॥३१॥

31. agamyāgamane rājanprāyaścittaṁ vidhīyate ,
ārdravastreṇa ṣaṇmāsaṁ vihāryaṁ bhasmaśāyinā.

31. agamyāgamane rājan prāyaścittam vidhīyate
ārdravastreṇa ṣaṇmāsam vihāryam bhasmaśāyinā

31. rājan agamyāgamane prāyaścittam vidhīyate (tena)
ārdravastreṇa bhasmaśāyinā ṣaṇmāsam vihāryam

31. O King, for intercourse with a forbidden woman (agamyāgamana), a penance (prāyaścitta) is prescribed. One (the penitent) should spend six months wandering, clad in wet clothes and sleeping on ashes.

Words meanings summery:

• अगम्यागमने (agamyāgamane) - for the offense of intercourse with a forbidden woman (in the case of approaching an unapproachable woman, for incest)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing a king (O king)

• प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - the prescribed ritual for expiation (penance, expiation, atonement)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (as penance) (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

• आर्द्रवस्त्रेण (ārdravastreṇa) - clad in wet clothes (with wet clothes, by means of wet garments)

• षण्मासम् (ṣaṇmāsam) - for a duration of six months (for six months, a period of six months)

• विहार्यम् (vihāryam) - (time) to be spent wandering, or (the person) is to wander (to be wandered, to be spent, to be moved about)

• भस्मशायिना (bhasmaśāyinā) - by the penitent who sleeps on ashes (by one sleeping on ashes)

Words meanings and morphology

अगम्यागमने (agamyāgamane) - for the offense of intercourse with a forbidden woman (in the case of approaching an unapproachable woman, for incest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agamyāgamana

agamyāgamana - intercourse with a forbidden woman, incest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agamya+āgamana)

• agamya – unapproachable, inaccessible, forbidden (woman)
  adjective (feminine)
  gerundive
  from na + √gam 'to go' + -ya suffix, meaning 'not to be gone to'
  Prefix: a
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āgamana – coming, approaching, intercourse
  noun (neuter)
  from √gam 'to go' with 'ā' prefix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Denotes the occasion or subject of the penance.

राजन् (rājan) - addressing a king (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - the prescribed ritual for expiation (penance, expiation, atonement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta

prāyaścitta - penance, expiation, atonement

Note: Subject of 'vidhīyate'.

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (as penance) (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

आर्द्रवस्त्रेण (ārdravastreṇa) - clad in wet clothes (with wet clothes, by means of wet garments)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ārdravastra

ārdravastra - wet garment, wet clothing

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ārdra+vastra)

• ārdra – wet, moist, fresh
  adjective
• vastra – garment, clothing, cloth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes the means or state.

षण्मासम् (ṣaṇmāsam) - for a duration of six months (for six months, a period of six months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṣaṇmāsa

ṣaṇmāsa - six months, a period of six months

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+māsa)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

विहार्यम् (vihāryam) - (time) to be spent wandering, or (the person) is to wander (to be wandered, to be spent, to be moved about)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vihār

vihār - to wander, roam, recreate

gerundive

future passive participle of √hṛ with 'vi' prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied object like 'kālaḥ' (time) or 'prāyaścittam', or is used impersonally.

भस्मशायिना (bhasmaśāyinā) - by the penitent who sleeps on ashes (by one sleeping on ashes)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhasmaśāyin

bhasmaśāyin - sleeping on ashes

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (bhasman+śāyin)

• bhasman – ashes
  noun (neuter)
• śāyin – sleeping, lying
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/present participle
  from √śī 'to lie, sleep'
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Denotes the agent of the action 'vihāryam'.