महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-27

स्त्रियस्त्वाशङ्किताः पापैर्नोपगम्या हि जानता ।
रजसा ता विशुध्यन्ते भस्मना भाजनं यथा ॥२७॥

27. striyastvāśaṅkitāḥ pāpairnopagamyā hi jānatā ,
rajasā tā viśudhyante bhasmanā bhājanaṁ yathā.

27. striyaḥ tu āśaṅkitāḥ pāpaiḥ na upagamyā hi jānātā
rajasā tā viśudhyante bhasmanā bhājanam yathā

27. tu striyaḥ pāpaiḥ āśaṅkitāḥ,
hi jānātā na upagamyā tāḥ rajasā viśudhyante,
yathā bhājanam bhasmanā

27. However, women, who are (at times) regarded as tainted by impurities, should certainly not be approached by a discerning person. They are purified by their menstruation (rajasa), just as a vessel is purified by ash.

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, females)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

• आशङ्किताः (āśaṅkitāḥ) - regarded as impure, suspected of impurity (suspected, doubted, apprehensive, feared)

• पापैः (pāpaiḥ) - by impurities (or sinful deeds, leading to impurity) (by sins, by evils, by impurities)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• उपगम्या (upagamyā) - to be approached (for contact or sexual relations) (to be approached, to be resorted to, to be obtained, to be connected with)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• जानाता (jānātā) - by one who understands (the rules of purity/dharma) (by a knowing person, by one who knows)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by menstrual fluid (by dust, by passion, by menstrual fluid)

• ता (tā) - they (the women) (they (feminine))

• विशुध्यन्ते (viśudhyante) - they become purified (they are purified, they become pure)

• भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ash (by ash, with ash)

• भाजनम् (bhājanam) - a vessel/pot (vessel, pot, recipient, object of enjoyment)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, females)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Feminine nominative plural.

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

आशङ्किताः (āśaṅkitāḥ) - regarded as impure, suspected of impurity (suspected, doubted, apprehensive, feared)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āśaṅkita

āśaṅkita - suspected, doubted, apprehensive, feared

Past Passive Participle

From upasarga ā + root śaṅk (to doubt, suspect) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Refers to women being considered impure during their menstrual period.

पापैः (pāpaiḥ) - by impurities (or sinful deeds, leading to impurity) (by sins, by evils, by impurities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, vice, impurity

Note: Refers to the cause of suspicion or impurity.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

उपगम्या (upagamyā) - to be approached (for contact or sexual relations) (to be approached, to be resorted to, to be obtained, to be connected with)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of upagamya

upagamya - to be approached, accessible, reachable, to be married

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

From upasarga upa + root gam (to go) + ya suffix. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Feminine nominative plural, agreeing with `striyaḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

जानाता (jānātā) - by one who understands (the rules of purity/dharma) (by a knowing person, by one who knows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jānātṛ

jānātṛ - knower, expert, one who understands

Agent noun (kṛt-pratyaya)

From root jñā (to know) with present stem `jānā` + tṛ suffix. Instrumental singular masculine.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to someone knowledgeable in religious or social codes.

रजसा (rajasā) - by menstrual fluid (by dust, by passion, by menstrual fluid)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, gloom, menstrual fluid, quality of passion (rajas guṇa)

Root rañj (to color) + asun.

Root: rañj (class 1)

ता (tā) - they (the women) (they (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Feminine nominative plural.

विशुध्यन्ते (viśudhyante) - they become purified (they are purified, they become pure)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of viśudh

Present tense, middle voice

3rd person plural, present, middle voice (ātmanepada). From vi (upasarga) + śudh (root).

Prefix: vi

Root: śudh (class 4)

भस्मना (bhasmanā) - by ash (by ash, with ash)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhasman

bhasman - ash, ashes

From root bhas (to shine, to devour) + man suffix.

Root: bhas

भाजनम् (bhājanam) - a vessel/pot (vessel, pot, recipient, object of enjoyment)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhājana

bhājana - vessel, pot, plate, recipient, share, deserving object

From root bhaj (to divide, partake, serve) + ana suffix.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)