महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-29

तथा वैश्ये च शूद्रे च पादः पादो विधीयते ।
विद्यादेवंविधेनैषां गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम् ॥२९॥

29. tathā vaiśye ca śūdre ca pādaḥ pādo vidhīyate ,
vidyādevaṁvidhenaiṣāṁ gurulāghavaniścayam.

29. tathā vaiśye ca śūdre ca pādaḥ pādaḥ vidhīyate
vidyāt evaṃvidhena eṣām gurulāghavaniścayam

29. tathā vaiśye ca śūdre ca pādaḥ pādaḥ vidhīyate
eṣām gurulāghavaniścayam evaṃvidhena vidyāt

29. Similarly, for a Vaiśya and for a Śūdra, a quarter [of the penance] is prescribed. One should thus understand the determination of the severity and lightness [of penances] for these [classes].

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus

• वैश्ये (vaiśye) - for the merchant/farmer class (Vaiśya) (for the Vaiśya, in the Vaiśya)

• च (ca) - and

• शूद्रे (śūdre) - for the laboring class (Śūdra) (for the Śūdra, in the Śūdra)

• च (ca) - and

• पादः (pādaḥ) - a quarter (of the prescribed penance) (a quarter, a foot, a leg)

• पादः (pādaḥ) - a quarter (of the prescribed penance) (a quarter, a foot, a leg)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (as penance) (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

• एवंविधेन (evaṁvidhena) - in this prescribed manner (by such a method, in this manner)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (classes of people) (of these)

• गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम् (gurulāghavaniścayam) - the precise assessment of the severity and leniency (of the penance) (the determination of heaviness and lightness (of penance))

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

वैश्ये (vaiśye) - for the merchant/farmer class (Vaiśya) (for the Vaiśya, in the Vaiśya)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third social class (Vaiśya), merchant, farmer

derived from viś (settlement, community)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शूद्रे (śūdre) - for the laboring class (Śūdra) (for the Śūdra, in the Śūdra)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class (Śūdra), laborer

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पादः (pādaḥ) - a quarter (of the prescribed penance) (a quarter, a foot, a leg)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter, part, verse quarter

पादः (pādaḥ) - a quarter (of the prescribed penance) (a quarter, a foot, a leg)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter, part, verse quarter

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (as penance) (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

एवंविधेन (evaṁvidhena) - in this prescribed manner (by such a method, in this manner)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of evaṃvidha

evaṁvidha - of such a kind, of such a nature, suchlike

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (evam+vidha)

• evam – thus, so, in this way
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, form
  noun (masculine)
  related to 'vidh' meaning 'to arrange' or 'to assign'. Here as a suffix meaning 'kind'.

Note: Agrees with an implied "vidhinā" (by method).

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (classes of people) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the Vaiśya and Śūdra mentioned, and possibly Kṣatriyas and Brāhmaṇas implied by context.

गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम् (gurulāghavaniścayam) - the precise assessment of the severity and leniency (of the penance) (the determination of heaviness and lightness (of penance))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gurulāghavaniścaya

gurulāghavaniścaya - determination of weight/importance and lightness/unimportance; determination of severity and leniency

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gurulāghava+niścaya)

• gurulāghava – heaviness and lightness, severity and leniency
  noun (neuter)
• niścaya – determination, certainty, resolution
  noun (masculine)
  from √ci 'to gather' with 'nis' prefix
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of 'vidyāt'.