महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-36, verse-19

महाव्रतं चरेद्यस्तु दद्यात्सर्वस्वमेव तु ।
गुर्वर्थे वा हतो युद्धे स मुच्येत्कर्मणोऽशुभात् ॥१९॥

19. mahāvrataṁ caredyastu dadyātsarvasvameva tu ,
gurvarthe vā hato yuddhe sa mucyetkarmaṇo'śubhāt.

19. mahāvratam caret yaḥ tu dadyāt sarvasvam eva tu
gurvarthe vā hataḥ yuddhe saḥ mucyet karmaṇaḥ aśubhāt

19. yaḥ tu mahāvratam caret vā sarvasvam eva dadyāt tu vā
gurvarthe yuddhe hataḥ saḥ aśubhāt karmaṇaḥ mucyet

19. Whoever performs a great vow (mahāvrata), or indeed offers all his wealth, or is slain in battle for the sake of the guru, he is liberated from inauspicious action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - a great or severe religious vow (mahāvrata), undertaken as penance (great vow, solemn observance, severe penance)

• चरेत् (caret) - (whoever) should perform (the vow) (should perform, should practice, should observe)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (performs, offers, or is slain) (who, whoever)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizes the condition) (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (whoever) should offer (should give, should offer)

• सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his wealth (all one's property, all wealth, everything)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizes "all") (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of the guru (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• हतः (hataḥ) - (who is) slain (slain, killed, struck)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

• मुच्येत् (mucyet) - he should be liberated (from sin) (should be liberated, should be released)

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - from inauspicious action (karma) (from action, from deed)

• अशुभात् (aśubhāt) - from inauspicious (action) (from inauspicious, from evil)

Words meanings and morphology

महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - a great or severe religious vow (mahāvrata), undertaken as penance (great vow, solemn observance, severe penance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - great vow, solemn observance, severe penance

Compound of mahā (great) and vrata (vow).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of mahat.
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛ (to choose, vow).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of caret.

चरेत् (caret) - (whoever) should perform (the vow) (should perform, should practice, should observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Optative Mood

Root car.

Root: car (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (performs, offers, or is slain) (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizes the condition) (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Occurs twice in the verse, with slightly different emphases.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (whoever) should offer (should give, should offer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative Mood

Root dā (class 3).

Root: dā (class 3)

सर्वस्वम् (sarvasvam) - all his wealth (all one's property, all wealth, everything)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvasva

sarvasva - all one's property, all wealth, everything

Compound of sarva (all) and sva (one's own property).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+sva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective/pronoun (neuter)
• sva – one's own, own property, wealth
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Root: svṛ

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizes "all") (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of the guru (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gurvartha

gurvartha - purpose of the guru, for the guru's sake

Compound of guru (teacher) and artha (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, sake
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛ (to go, reach).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

हतः (hataḥ) - (who is) slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh (to fight) + suffix a.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

मुच्येत् (mucyet) - he should be liberated (from sin) (should be liberated, should be released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhiliṅ) of muc

Optative Mood, Passive Voice

Root muc in passive voice mucye.

Root: muc (class 6)

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - from inauspicious action (karma) (from action, from deed)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do) + suffix man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अशुभात् (aśubhāt) - from inauspicious (action) (from inauspicious, from evil)

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, unlucky, evil, bad

Negative prefix a + śubha (auspicious).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śubha – auspicious, lucky, bright, good
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Root: śubh (class 1)