महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-291, verse-48

एवमव्यक्तविषयं क्षरमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
पञ्चविंशतिमो योऽयं ज्ञानादेव प्रवर्तते ॥४८॥

48. evamavyaktaviṣayaṁ kṣaramāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
pañcaviṁśatimo yo'yaṁ jñānādeva pravartate.

48. evam avyaktaviṣayam kṣaram āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ yaḥ ayam jñānāt eva pravartate

48. manīṣiṇaḥ evam avyaktaviṣayam kṣaram āhuḥ yaḥ
ayam pañcaviṃśatitamaḥ jñānāt eva pravartate

48. Thus, the discerning ones (manīṣiṇaḥ) declare the perishable (kṣara) principle, which has the unmanifest (avyakta) as its domain. This very principle, the twenty-fifth, functions solely through knowledge (jñāna).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• अव्यक्तविषयम् (avyaktaviṣayam) - referring to a principle that interacts with or perceives the unmanifest (prakṛti) (having the unmanifest as its object/sphere, related to the unmanifest)

• क्षरम् (kṣaram) - the perishable principle in philosophical context (often referring to prakṛti and its evolutes, or the conditioned individual self) (the perishable, the decaying, the mutable principle)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise, the discerning ones, intellectuals

• पञ्चविंशतितमः (pañcaviṁśatitamaḥ) - the twenty-fifth principle (e.g., Puruṣa or conditioned Jīva in some philosophies) (the twenty-fifth)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अयम् (ayam) - this principle (this (one))

• ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - from knowledge, by means of knowledge

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, merely

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it functions, it arises, it operates

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

अव्यक्तविषयम् (avyaktaviṣayam) - referring to a principle that interacts with or perceives the unmanifest (prakṛti) (having the unmanifest as its object/sphere, related to the unmanifest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avyaktaviṣaya

avyaktaviṣaya - having the unmanifest (prakṛti) as its object or domain

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'that whose object/sphere is the unmanifest'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avyakta+viṣaya)

• avyakta – unmanifest, undeveloped, indistinct, primordial matter (prakṛti)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negation (`a`) of `vyakta` (manifest), which is past participle of `vyañj` (to make clear).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyañj (class 7)
• viṣaya – object, sphere, domain, subject matter, sense object
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ṣī (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `kṣaram`.

क्षरम् (kṣaram) - the perishable principle in philosophical context (often referring to prakṛti and its evolutes, or the conditioned individual self) (the perishable, the decaying, the mutable principle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣara

kṣara - perishable, decaying, flowing, mutable, water, the mutable principle

From root `kṣar` (to flow, to perish) + `a` suffix.

Root: kṣar (class 1)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they state

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Irregular perfect form of the root `brū` (to speak) or `ah` (to say).

Root: brū (class 2)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise, the discerning ones, intellectuals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, discerning, thoughtful

From `manīṣā` (intellect, wisdom) + `in` suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of `āhuḥ`.

पञ्चविंशतितमः (pañcaviṁśatitamaḥ) - the twenty-fifth principle (e.g., Puruṣa or conditioned Jīva in some philosophies) (the twenty-fifth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcaviṃśatitama

pañcaviṁśatitama - twenty-fifth

Ordinal number from `pañcaviṃśati` (twenty-five) + `tamaṭ` suffix.

Note: Agrees with `yaḥ` and `ayam`.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `ayam` (this).

अयम् (ayam) - this principle (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the 25th principle.

ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - from knowledge, by means of knowledge

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, cognition, understanding

From root `jñā` (to know) + `ana` suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause or instrument ('through knowledge').

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, merely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - it proceeds, it functions, it arises, it operates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

present tense, 3rd person singular

From root `vṛt` (to turn, exist, be) with prefix `pra-`. Atmanepada form.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)